Act It
Verbal Operant: Mand
A mand is a verbal operant that acts as a request
ex: Child is thirsty and says "water"
Frequency Data
Frequency Data shows how often the target behavior is occurring
ABC Data
True or False: Punishment procedures are a last resort
TRUE!
AZACS does not regularly practice punishment procedures. Punishment procedures require the oversight of the ABA manager and should not be implemented otherwise.
John is playing with his teacher, his teacher gets up to help another student, John starts crying and his teacher sits back down. John immediately stops crying.
What is the most likely function of this behavior?
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Attention
Because his crying starts when the teacher walks away and stops once he regains the attention of his teacher, we can hypothesize that this is an attention seeking behavior
Behavior Momentum
Behavior Momentum is a series of HIGH PROBABILITY tasks followed by a LOW PROBABILITY task
Verbal Operant: Intraverbal
An intraverbal is like a conversation
ex: Teacher says, "how old are you?" the student replies, "I'm 7"
Reinforcement and Punishment
Reinforcement- Increase Behavior
Punishment- Decreases Behavior
Give an example of Negative Punishment
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Negative- something removed
Punishment- decrease behavior
ex: You didn't do your chores this week so you can't go to the movies on Friday
In this example, you can't go to the movies (removed) because you didn't do your chores. This will decrease the likelihood of you skipping chores in the future.
What would be an incompatible behavior for hitting?
Positive Opposites
ex: Instead of "stop running" you could say "walking feet please"
Gestural Prompt
A gesture is a non-verbal prompt
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
ABA is a scientific approach to understanding behavior. It aims to systematically improve socially significant behavior.
What are the four functions of behavior? Remember SEAT
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The four functions of behavior are
Sensory, Escape, Attention, Tangible
A student is kicking the wall during a behavior. He is not kicking hard enough to injure himself and he is not near any other students.
Does this require physical intervention?
No, if the behavior is does not pose an immediate risk the behavior likely does not require physical intervention.
Positive Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement means something is being ADDED to INCREASE the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future
ex: Getting a paycheck for coming to work
Money is being ADDED to INCREASE the likelihood that you will keep coming to work
Verbal Operant: Tact
A tact is a label
ex: A student looks out the window, sees a tree, and says "look, a tree!"
Extinction Burst
An extinction burst happens when a behavior is no longer being reinforced. This will initially cause an increase in the behavior.
ex: A students crying behavior is being put on extinction by not giving attention to the student when they are crying. Because of this, the student begins screaming louder and louder.
In ABC data, what does the C stand for? What is it?
consequence- what comes immediately after a behavior
If a student screams when they are angry, what is a possible replacement behavior for the screaming?
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Functional Communication- PEC system, Ask for a break, Request a hug/squeeze
Token Economy
A token economy is used to reinforce a target behavior
Each student is different and different schedules of reinforcement should be used based on the level of need
Behavior Specific Praise
ex: Instead of "good job" you could say "great job staying in your seat!"
Deprivation and Satiation
Deprivation- Absence or reduction of a reinforcer to increase its effectiveness and value
Satiation- Having too much of a reinforcer which results in it losing its reinforcing effectiveness and value
Which verbal operant sounds like an echo?
Echoic
Taylor is playing with blocks. The teacher says it is time to clean up and get ready for math. Taylor starts throwing chairs and biting her teacher. The teacher takes her for a walk but as soon as they get back to class Taylor continues biting and throwing chairs.
What is the antecedent, behavior, and consequence?
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Antecedent- teacher says "clean up for math"
Behavior- throwing chairs and biting
Consequence- Taylor is taken on a walk