Measurement
What is Continuous Measurment -- Types of Continuous Measurement
method of data collection for ALL instances of a behavior -- Frequency, Duration, Latency, IRT
Types of Preference Assessments
Free Operant, Single Stimulus, Forced Choice/Paired Choice, Multiple Stimulus Without Replacement, Multiple Stimulus with Replacement
DTT--verbal operant
Tact, Intraverbal, imitation, LR, LRFFC, mand, echoic, textual, transcription, VPMTS
Stimulus Control Transfer
entails systematically fading prompts until the behavior is under the control of an SD.
• The prompting hierarchy (most-to-least or least-to-most) is typically how prompts are faded
• Discriminative Stimuli (SD) are antecedents. Prompts are additional antecedents that elicit
the correct behavior in order for the learner to gain access to reinforcement.
How do you maintain client dignity?
Privacy, Cleanliness, Professionalism, Human Rights
What is Discontinuous Measurement -- Types of Discontinuous Measurement
records only some instances of the target behavior during a sample of time -- partial interval, whole interval, and momentary time sampling
What is Free Operant?
Where the learner can have access to items freely within a room for specified duration
What is NET?
Patient initiated learning opportunities
Requires error correction if the patient does not respond or responds incorrectly
Allow for a latency of 3-5 seconds
Alter amounts of reinforcement dependent on the patient’s response. If the patient requires prompting, provide less time with a preferred item
What is Prompting?
Prompts are additional cues/signals to help the patient correctly respond to gain access to reinforcement.
Prompt fading is the gradual process of removing prompts.
Errorless learning is when the RBT immediately prompts the patient after stating the SD. This approach does not allow the patient to make an error and begins with the most intrusive prompt.
What are Supervision Requirements?
Supervised by BCBA, 5% supervision, supervised at least 2 times a month, at least 1 supervision must be individual
Examples of Continuous Measurement
Frequency: Billy Bob engages in tantrum behaviors 3 times
Duration: Billy Bob engages in tantrum behaviors for 5 minutes and 30 seconds
Latency: Billy Bob's RBT tells her to "come here." 5 seconds later, Billy Bob responds to "come here."
IRT: Billy Bob engages in tantrum behaviors from 12:00-12:05. Billy Bob engages in tantrum behaviors again from 12:15-12:20. IRT is 10 minutes.
What is Single Stimulus?
Present one stimulus at a time and record how the learner responds to the stimulus. The previous stimulus is removed before the next is presented
What is Chaining--Forward Chaining--Backwards Chaining?
refers to a method of teaching a complex skill with a lot of steps or behaviors by chaining smaller, less complex behaviors together.
teaching the behavior chain beginning with the first step. Prompt any steps that are not currently being taught. Once the patient master's the first step, the second step will be taught. Continue in this fashion until the patient has mastered every step of the chain.
teaching a behavior chain beginning with the last step. Prompt any steps that are not currently being taught. Once the patient master's the last step, the second-to-last step will be taught. Continue in this fashion until the patient has mastered every step of the chain going backwards
What is Token Systems?
are ABA strategies to provide the patient with reinforcement in the form of tokens that are exchanged for backup reinforcers.
What are Professional Boundaries?
do not share personal phone number with caregivers/stakeholders, do not follow on social media, have positive conversations with parents
Examples of Discontinuous Measurement
Partial Interval: an RBT is tracking if their patient engages in physical aggression using partial interval recording. The patient engages in physical aggression three times during interval one, zero times during interval two, and one time during interval three.
Whole Interval: An RBT is tracking if their patient engages in physical aggression using whole interval recording. The patient engages in physical aggression for 3 seconds at 9:00, 49 seconds at 9:01, and for 60 seconds at 9:02.
Momentary Time Sampling: An RBT is tracking if their patient engages in physical aggression using momentary time sampling. At the end of the 9:00 interval, the behavior is occurring. At the end of the 9:01 interval, the behavior is occurring. At the end of the 9:02 interval, the behavior is not occurring.
What is Forced Choice?
Present two items at a time and the learner selects the preferred item.
What is Shaping?
ABA strategy to teach new behaviors via differentially reinforcing successive approximations until the final target matches the end goal.
Types of Differential Reinforcement
Differential reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior, Differential reinforcement of Alternative Behavior, differential reinforcement of Other Behaviors, Differential reinforcement of Higher Rates of Behavior, Differential reinforcement of Low Rates of Behavior
Who do you go to for Clinical Direction?
Clinical Director and BCBAs
Multiple Stimulus W/O Replacement -- Multiple Stimulus WITH Replacement
Present several stimuli simultaneously and instruct the learner to choose. The first item picked is the most preferred. This item is now removed and the rest of the items that were not chosen are presented.
Present several stimuli simultaneously and instruct the learner to choose. Once the learner has chosen an item, replace all other items with new objects. Note that the chosen item remains in the array.
What is Discrimination Training?
defined as reinforcing occurrences of a target behavior in the presence of one stimulus condition and not another.
What is Antecedent Interventions--Types of extinction
Strategies to prevent maladaptive behaviors from occurring
Extinction is when the reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior is withheld, terminated, or removed. The consequence that maintains a behavior is removed.
Extinction burst is the temporary increase in the rate of a behavior following implementation of an extinction behavior.
Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of the extinguished behavior after a period in which the behavior has not been reinforced.
What are the Codes?
Code Blue Medical Assistance Needed--Clinic Manager, BCBA, anyone who is available--Assist with first aid/ CPR, or calling 911, help to clear the area and vulnerable individuals, help to keep the affected person safe.
Code Green Behavior / Safety Care Assistance Needed--Code Green team members, as well as any available Safety Care trained staff--Assist with restraints and transports, clear the area, and bring mats and other needed supplies.
Code E Elopement (a child has run away from their Therapist)--Any available staff--Block the exits, stop the child and neutrally direct them to their Therapist.
Code Red Fire--Everyone--Leave the building and meet at the designated spot. Maintain patient safety.
Code Gray Weather Related Emergency--Everyone Take your child’s reinforcers and go to the designated location.
Code Purple--Seizure Protocol--Initiated Patient’s Seizure Team and any available seizure trained staff--Assist with first aid/CPR or calling 911 if needed or provide rescue medications as indicated.
The Library is Closed--Threat INSIDE the Building--Everyone Stay in the room you are in, block the doors, and take cover.
The Street is Flooded--Threat OUTSIDE the Building--Everyone Lock entrance doors, stay inside and away from windows and doors.
Toileting Assistance Needed (location)--Bathroom / Toileting Assistance Needed--Any available staff Put on gloves, help with clean up, changing diapers.
All Clear--Previous Code has Ended--Everyone Debrief if necessary, otherwise resume regular activities.