Functions
Every time Jacob screams in the classroom, his teacher yells, "BE QUIET!" Jacob continues to scream in the classroom over the next few weeks. This function is likely maintaining screaming.
What is attention?
Social positive reinforcement +50 points
This strategy involves presenting or removing a stimulus to increase the future frequency of a behavior.
What is reinforcement?
This strategy involves teaching a communicative response to replace a challenging behavior.
What is functional communication training?
Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Bx +50 points
This antecedent strategy involves giving the learner a notice that a change in activity is coming.
What is a transitional warning?
This data collection method tracks the total number of occurrences that a target behavior has occurred.
What is frequency?
Jessica hits her mother every time they walk into the grocery store. Jessica's mother removes her from the store and goes to the car. Jessica hits her mother while in the car. Jessica's mother goes inside and buys her an ice cream. Hitting continues for the next few weeks. This function is likely maintaining hitting.
What is access?
Social positive reinforcement +50 points
This consequence strategy introduces or removes a stimulus to decrease the future frequency of a behavior.
What is punishment?
This strategy involves teaching skills in a structured setting, while contriving a high rate of teaching opportunities in one sitting.
What is discrete trial training?
This antecedent strategy involves changing the work area to increase response effort required to engage in a challenging behavior, and decrease response effort required to engage in a desired behavior.
What is environmental arrangement?
This data collection method tracks the total number of occurrences that a target behavior has occurred over some dimension of time.
What is rate?
Alexis hums loudly and rocks her body when asked to complete a DTT task with her RBT. The RBT attempts to redirect to focus on DTT task, but does not get any independent responding. Later in the day, Alexis hums with the same RBT during a play activity and the RBT is required to prompt her through the task. For each session in the next week Alexis engages in humming and body rocking when she approaches the RBT. This function is likely maintaining humming and rocking.
What is escape/avoidance?
Social negative reinforcement +75 points
This consequence strategy involves withholding reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior.
What is extinction?
This strategy involves teaching skills in the learner's regular environment, and allowing for opportunities to occur.
What is natural environment teaching?
This antecedent strategy involves using a viewable stimulus (pictures, words, colored cards) to increase the likelihood of desired behavior, or to decrease the likelihood of undesired behavior.
What are visual supports?
The strategy should be utilized at the start and end of every session to ensure accurate data collection.
What is starting and stopping your rate timers?
Shane tell inappropriate jokes in class. One day, the whole class laughs and the teacher yell, "Get out of the class and go to the principal's office." The next week, Shane tells more jokes that are more inappropriate, but the class does not laugh. The teacher reprimands him and makes him leave class. In the coming weeks, he continues to tell jokes. This function is likely maintaining the behavior.
What are escape and attention?
Social negative reinforcement +50 points
Social positive reinforcement +50 points
This strategy involves reinforcing greater, more desired responses with a higher level of reinforcement, while lessening reinforcement for mastered or lesser desired responses.
What is differential reinforcement?
This strategy involves differentially reinforcing successive approximations to a terminal behavior.
What is shaping?
This strategy involves delivering access, attention, and breaks regardless of the learner's behavior. May be delivered at the start of session or throughout.
What is noncontingent reinforcement?
This data collection method tracks if a behavior occurred at any time during a specified interval.
What is partial interval recording?
Eric taps his pencil when sitting at his desk before starting a math task. His teacher tells him to stop. A few minutes later, Eric starts tapping his pencil again. This continues in English class, history, and when he is doing homework by himself. This function is likely maintaining pencil tapping.
What is sensory?
Automatic positive reinforcement +75 points
Jerry and his mom are doing homework. Jerry starts poking holes in the chair, throwing his pencil, tearing paper, and not following instructions. Jerry's mom says, "You're going in time out." Jerry starts crying and needs to be prompted to go to time out. The next day, Jerry follows the instructions of his homework until completed. This consequence likely modified his behavior.
What is negative punishment?
This strategy involves teaching smaller responses and putting them together as part of a larger behavior.
What is chaining/using a TA?
This strategy involves presenting a series of previously mastered instructions, prior to presenting the acquisition instruction to increase the likelihood that the learner will comply or demonstrate the acquisition skill.
What is behavior momentum (High P/Low P request sequence)?
This data collection method tracks if a behavior occurred at the very end of a specified interval.
What is momentary time sampling?