Reinforcement
The addition of a reinforcing stimulus after a behavior and makes it more likely that the behavior will occur again in the future
Positive Reinforcement
The ability to retain a mastered skill over time after instruction has ended
Maintenance
The "reason" a behavior occurs
A function of behavior
Interresponse time (IRT)
The time between the end of one response and the start of the next
What is the difference between a reinforcer and reinforcement?
A reinforcer is the stimulus, item or action while reinforcement is the procedure of that stimulus being used to increase the future likelihood of a behavior
Access to a preferred item or activity is restricted for a period of time, and as a result the value and reinforcing effectiveness is strengthened.
Deprivation
What is the difference between captured and contrived teaching opportunities?
Captured teaching involves taking advantage of an immediate already occurring opportunity to teach skills, while contrived teaching involves arranging or manipulating the environment to create opportunities that prompt a client to engage in a target behavior.
Giving a sequence of quick, easy tasks before a more difficult task to increase the likelihood of the client completing the difficult task.
Behavioral Momentum / High p request
The time from a stimulus or the presentation of an instruction to the start of the behavior
Latency
Discriminative stimulus
A cue that signals reinforcement is available
Contingent reinforcement requires a specific behavior to occur prior to reinforcement.
Non-contingent reinforcement does not depend the occurrence or nonoccurrence of behavior and is often delivered on a set schedule.
Motivation that is fueled through personal enjoyment or satisfaction vs motivation that relies on external factors
Intrinsic motivation vs Extrinsic Motivation
Differential Reinforcement
Partial Interval Recording
A method of data collection and recording that marks if a behavior occurs at any time during an interval
When a certain desired stimulus/item is removed after a particular undesired behavior is exhibited, resulting in the behavior happening less often in the future
Negative punishment
A type of motivating operation that temporarily increases the effectiveness of a reinforcer
Establishing operation
Response Prompt
A prompt that acts directly on the response and directly influences the behavior (not the stimulus)
A temporary increase in the intensity, frequency or duration of a behavior after it's been put on extinction.
Extinction Burst
How accurately and consistently procedures are being carried out as they were designed
Procedural Fidelity
Stimulus prompt
A stimulus prompt acts directly on the antecedent stimuli to guide a correct response and may make the correct response more clear
What is the difference between a preference and a reinforcer?
A preference is something an individual likes or enjoys
A reinforcer is a stimulus that increases the future frequency of a behavior when delivered contingent upon it
Stimulus Fading
Parts of the STIMULUS are gradually removed or faded to help a leaner respond independently.
Name and explain at least four types of differential reinforcement
DRO: Reinforcement occurs for any behavior other than the challenging behavior
DRA: Reinforcement of an alternative behavior that services as a more appropriate response and matches the function of the undesired behavior
DRI: A behavior that cannot occur at the same time as the undesired behavior is reinforced.
DRL: Reinforcement is provided only if it occurs below a specified rate.
DRH: Reinforcement is provided only if it occurs above a specified rate.
The outcome or product of a behavior is measured rather than the behavior itself
Permanent Product
A prompt that directly influences the leaner's response and directly influences the expected behavior
Response Prompt