Pairing
How therapists establish instructional control and connect themselves to reinforcement
What is pairing
An assessments used to help us determine what items our clients may like and enjoy and the level that they enjoy them, so that we can potentially use those items as reinforcers
What are preference assessments
A client has attending skills but is not looking at the materials laid out in front of them OR glances at the picture but does not scan the array to find the answer. What should you do?
a) Repeat the SD until he complies
b) Move on to a fun activity
c) Withhold instruction until child NATURALLY looks at the materials
d) Give him easy tasks to comply to
c) Withhold instruction until child NATURALLY looks at the materials
List the two main categories of prompts ( R___ prompts & S____ prompts)
What are stimulus prompts and response prompts
What are the unwanted effects of skipping the pairing process?
Problem behaviors, kill instructional control, impair the therapist child relationship
A type of preference assessment that allows learners to explore items within an environment. Therapists then record anecdotal notes of clients affect and how long they are playing with each item.
What is Free Operant Observation
The client is learning to discriminate between the color red and blue. When do you reinforce?
Reinforce when they get BOTH correct
Demonstrate a positional prompt
One stimuli should be close the the learner while the other stimuli are farther away from the learner
The term described as "giving freebies", delivering fun items for free unless the child is engaging in inappropriate behaviors.
What is non-contingent reinforcement
A type of preference assessment where a toy is placed in front of the child and the learner is allowed to play with the toy until they choose to stop, during that time you are recording the duration and reaction to the stimulus.
What is Single Stimulus Preference Assessments
Demonstrate attending/ scanning to a new learner (with a toy item) who has no attending skills but can sit at the table.
Reinforce every time the client looks at the toy in various positions.
Prompts are often categorized into a prompt hierarchy from most intrusive to least intrusive. List these prompts from least to most intrusive:
- Gestural
- Full Physical
- Verbal
- Model
- Partial Physical
- Visual
Visual
Verbal
Gestural
Modeling
Partial Physical
Full Physical
The term described as verbally labeling and/or physically imitating and matching any similar behavior to the learners current ongoing behavior.
What is attending
Sometimes referred to as a “forced choice” assessment. Stimuli, such as objects or activities, are presented sequentially, in pairs. The individual’s choice is recorded following each paired presentation, and stimuli can then be ranked based on selection percentage.
What is the Paired Stimulus Preference Assessment
Demonstrate attending/scanning the array of cards with a learner who can scan preferred items but does not scan picture cards. (Hint: start with most to least prompts)
1) Lay out a few cards
2) Point to the card while saying look
3) When mastered, just point to each card then when that is mastered just lay out the cards
A term described as a method used to reduce student errors and teaches them to respond correctly without allowing them to make mistakes.
What is errorless teaching
The term described as verbally praising or providing tangible items or activities to your learner for something that they are currently doing
What is Rewarding/ Providing Reinforcement
A type of assessment that is appropriate for children who can adequately select preferred items among a large array of items. The item chosen remains in the array and all other items that were not selected are replaced by other items
What is Multiple Stimulus with Replacement (MSW) Preference Assessments
Demonstrate a way you would teach a discrimination between letters vs. numbers using the sorting method.
1) Have a mixed pile of letters and numbers in a stack
2) Next, hand the client one card at a time while saying either "letter" or "number"
3) When the client finishes sorting the pile, ask him what class each pile is.
4) If they get it correct reinforce, if they error restart the sorting process.
List one way you can address prompt dependency.
Fade out errorless prompts
Try using a prime instead of errorless
Build up fluency with easy tasks first
Errorless prompts are always followed with delays or transfer trials
Limit vocal prompts