Definitions
Making adjustments to the learning environment prior to the occurrence of problem behavior and clearly defining appropriate/expected behaviors.
What is Antecedent Manipulation?
A client's favorite play activity is racing cars. The technician races cars with them without placing task demands. As a result, the next time the client works with that technician, they smile and run to the technician to ask "Can we race cars?"
What is Pairing?
A visual and tangible behavior acquisition system, which involves giving the child a “token” when they display positive behavior. These tokens are accumulated on a board and can be exchanged for a stronger reinforcer, making it a perfect example of a secondary reinforcer.
What is a Token Board?
Example: A teacher wants the child to remain in his seat. Each time the student leaves his seat, the behavior is ignored. However, when the child remains seated, the teacher rewards him with a sticker.
What is DRI?
A process where a behavior or skill is gradually taught by differentially reinforcing successive approximations to the behavior that the technician wants to create.
What is Shaping?
The process of measuring and monitoring one's own behavior.
What is Self-Monitoring?
A technician teaching colors to a child might begin by teaching red. They would ask the child to point to red and then reward the behavior. They would then move on to teaching yellow by itself, reinforce that skill, and then ask about both colors.
What is DTT (Discrete Trial Teaching)?
Any picture or object that are used to communicate information. This can be in forms of actual objects, pictures, printed words, daily schedules, and choice boards.
What is a Visual Aid?
An example of this type of differential reinforcement would be a child who repeatedly leaves his seat during dinnertime. The parent would set a timer for ten minutes. If the child does not leave his seat during this time, he is rewarded with television time following dinner.
What is DRO?
An ABA procedure in which children are presented with prompts to minimize the chances of giving incorrect responses.
What is Errorless Learning?
A written out plan detailing what the expected behavior is, what will happen if that behavior is displayed, as well as what will happen if it isn’t. It is then agreed upon by both the client and the BCBA.
What is Behavior Contract?
A client chooses to play with the pop-up food truck. Peers and technicians order food at the window and pays the client for the items.
What is Role Play?
A child learning to wash their hands independently may start with learning to turn on the faucet. Once this initial skill is learned, the next step may be getting their hands wet, etc.
What is Chaining?
A good example of this would be a child who demands food from his parents. Each time the child makes a demand, his parents would ignore him. Only when the child asks politely do the parents turn, acknowledge him, and satisfy his request.
What is DRA?
Breaking down specific complex social skills (such as: taking turns, conversation, sharing, joining a group, working with others towards a common goal, understanding facial expressions, tone of voice, etc.) into smaller components and then teach those components systematically.
What is Social Skill Acquisition?
Enables individuals with developmental or behavioral challenges to gain essential skills for independent living and social integration.
What is Skill Acquisition?
A child might be distressed when they want a toy but can't ask for it, so they are taught to appropriately request for access by using a picture icon of the toy.
What is FCT (Functional Communication Training)?
In order to encourage someone to push a button, you could make it big and a bright color.
What is a Stimulus Prompt?
An example of this type of differential reinforcement is a child who repeatedly asks his teacher questions throughout the day. In this case, the teacher wants the child to ask questions, but not so often that is disrupts the class. Implementing a DR_ would help decrease the engagement in asking the teacher questions, without eliminating the behavior entirely.
What is DRL?
A mode of teaching that uses video recording and display equipment to provide a visual model of the targeted behavior or skill.
What is Video Modeling?
Combines the principles of ABA with a play-based approach to build skills in pivotal areas of development.
What is NET (Natural Environment Teaching)?
A client is refusing to engage in their tact programming. A technician says, "We can go to the gross motor room if we can name all of these picture cards." The client sits in their chair and responds correctly when given the SD.
What is the Premack Principle?
Checklists, planners, alarms, and self-talk are examples of this.
What are Self-Management Strategies?
A child who attends school eats very slowly. This child has 20 minutes to eat lunch, which results in him often not finishing all of his lunch or getting extra time to finish, which cuts into recess. A DR_ could be implemented to decrease the time between bites to encourage quicker eating.
What is DRH?
A procedure that details what a trainer or program implementer does when the learner engages in an incorrect response during a teaching opportunity.
What is Error Correction?