Atomic Structure & Periodic Trends
This subatomic particle determines an element’s identity.
What is the proton?
A bond formed by the equal sharing of electrons between atoms.
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
The sum of atomic masses in a chemical formula gives this quantity.
What is the molar mass?
A reaction that absorbs heat from surroundings.
What is endothermic?
The product of [H⁺][OH⁻] in water at 25°C.
What is 1 × 10⁻¹⁴
Ionization energy generally increases in this direction across the periodic table.
What is from left to right?
A molecule with 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair has this molecular geometry.
What is trigonal pyramidal?
When oxygen reacts with a hydrocarbon to produce CO₂ and H₂O, this type of reaction occurs.
What is combustion?
ΔH°f for an element in its standard state is always this value.
What is zero?
A strong acid is one that does this completely in water.
What is dissociates (ionizes) completely?
An element with electron configuration [Ne]3s²3p⁵ belongs to this group.
What are the halogens?
Hybridization of carbon in ethene (C₂H₄).
What is sp²?
If 2 mol H₂ reacts with 1 mol O₂, this many moles of H₂O form.
What are 2 moles?
The activation energy of a reaction is lowered by this.
What is a catalyst?
The pH of a 1 × 10⁻³ M HCl solution.
What is 3?
The energy difference between two electronic shells corresponds to this type of photon energy.
What is electromagnetic radiation (E = hf)?
The mixing of atomic orbitals to form equivalent hybrid orbitals is known as this.
What is hybridization?
A compound’s empirical formula represents this relationship.
What is the simplest whole-number ratio of elements?
The heat required to change one mole of a liquid to gas at constant pressure.
What is the enthalpy of vaporization?
A salt formed from a strong acid and strong base produces this type of solution.
What is a neutral solution?
This phenomenon explains why the 4s orbital fills before the 3d orbital.
What is the Aufbau principle?
Resonance structures differ in this aspect of the molecule.
What are the locations of electrons?
Oxidation involves this change in electron count.
What is the loss of electrons?
When ΔH is positive and ΔS is negative, the reaction is spontaneous under these conditions.
What is never (at no temperature)?
In an electrolytic cell, oxidation occurs at this electrode.
What is the anode?