Now I know
Morphology
how we form morphemes, how we combine words, add prefixes or suffixes.
Anaphoric
“fifi is a poodle, she won the dog show” - two statements that may or may not have any relation.
Insight
solving a problem in the mind, having a EUREKA moment, knowing that that thing will work.
Divergent Production
Want lots of ideas, may or may not be wonderful or outstanding. Lots of options
Recognition Heuristic
how strong a memory or concept is in recent memory, such as the capital of Canada, and picking the city name that has been heard of before.
Syntax
how we arrange words into sentences
Instrument
“she pounded in the nail”, assuming that she used a hammer even though there is no reason to assume that
Fixation
stuck on something, doing something over and over again.
Convergent Production
one best answer, looking for the best and similar answer.
Illusory Correlation
believing that two things are related that may not be, such as black cats and bad luck
Phonemic Restoration
being able to interpret phonemes despite interruption, such as dropping a cup while talking and still being able to understand what someone says, despite the noise.
Causal Inferences
drawing assumptions about a conversation based upon the clues displayed throughout the participants tones and attitudes as well as the general content of the conversation.
Functional Fixedness
stuck on how an object should be used instead of being able to be versatile. Using an object for ways that the object wasn’t intended to be used.
Algorithm
well defined set of steps that are meant to solve a problem. For example, FOIL.
Representative Heuristic
how well an example fits related to the prototype (for example, being a basketball scout and saying that this player looks like MJ or LeBron)
McGurk Effect
what we are hearing is different from what the mouth of the person speaking produces. (Lah, Bah example)
Lateralization
certain parts of the brains do certain things, such as language being usually In the left hemisphere.
Means - End Approach
dividing the big problem into smaller problems. (rubiks cube, getting four corners, then a side, etc.)
Heuristics
problem solving strategies that that are short cuts.
Base Rate Fallacy
ignoring how common something is, such as how common truck drivers are in the truck driver v.s. English professor example
a word or sentence that has multiple meanings (“they threw stones at the bank”)
Trial and Error
keep on trying, assuming that most attempts will fail
Hill Climbing Approach
take the path to solving a solution that appears to lead to the solution. (For example, two paths lead to a hill, if you want to get to the top of the hill, take the path that looks that way)
Availability Heuristic
how likely something is to happen based upon experience and interaction with the thing or concept
Conjunction Fallacy
conjunction is always wrong because it is more specific, even though the other option is all encompassing, such as spilling coffee or hot coffee.