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Energy Transformations
Temperature
Thermal Energy and Heat
Vocabulary
Miscellaneous Questions
100
Explain the Law of Conservation of Energy.
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only transformed or changed.
100
Define degree
This is a unit of measurement on the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales used to measure temperature.
100
What is the difference in an insulator and a conductor? Give an example.
An insulator is a material that is a poor conductor of heat. An example would be wood, plastic, rubber, or foam. A conductor is a material that transfers heat very well. An example would be a metal or stone.
100
Define thermometer
It is an instrument used to measure temperature
100
How do you form a hypothesis?
If (Independent Variable), Then (the Dependent Variable will do this) Because.........
200
Someone is running a race in the Olympics. Describe the energy transfer that takes place. (Use three transformations)
The chemical energy came from the food that the runner ate, which was transformed or stored as potential energy. When the runner started running, the potential energy was transformed into kinetic energy.
200
What are the three scales used to measure temperature? What are the units of each scale?
Fahrenheit and Celsius use degrees. Kelvin uses Kelving units.
200
If two objects of different temperatures come in contact with each other, what happens to their temperature?
Heat is transferred from the warmest object to the cooler object until they reach the same temperature.
200
Define temperature
Temperature is the average kinetic energy of all particles of an object
200
How is repetition and replication different?
Both are repeated experiments. Repetition is when the same person repeats the experiment. Replication is when a different person repeats the experiment. p. 29
300
Describe the difference between nuclear energy and light energy.
Nuclear energy comes from changes in the nucleus of an atom. Light energy travels in waves called electromagnetic waves.
300
If an object is at room temperature, and is chilled, what would happen to the particles if the substance were chilled? What would happen if they were warmed?
The particles would slow down and move closer together if they were chilled. The particles would speed up and spread out more when they are warmed up.
300
Describe the three types of heat transfer.
Conduction is transfer of heat from one substance to another by direct contact. Convection is transfer of energy as heat by movement of a liquid or gas. Radiation is transfer of energy as heat by electromagnetic waves.
300
This is the ratio of useful output energy to input energy.
Efficiency
300
What is the difference in observation and inference? Give examples!
An observation is something you experience with your 5 senses. An inference is something you summize from this. An example would be: Observation: The door is hot Inference: There must be a fire behind the door
400
Consider the statement: "you can move parts of your body because of energy from the sun". Describe a series of energy conversions that supports this idea.
Electromagnetic energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy by plants. When you eat a plant, you take in this chemical energy. You convert the chemical energy into kinetic energy when you move your body.
400
Which of the following has a higher kinetic energy? 1. Steam or juice 2. frozen juice or glass of juice 3. a human being or a table
1. Steam 2. Glass of juice 3. Human Being
400
What is the difference in heat and temperature?
What is temperature is the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, whereas heat is the energy that is transferred from object at a higher temperature to objects at a lower temperature. P 355
400
Define thermal energy.
This is the total amount of kinetic energy of all particles in a substance.
400
A pencil is sitting on the table. Describe something you can do to cause particles that make up the pencil to move faster. Be sure to use how it effects kinetic energy.
You can place the pencil near a heater or rub pencil quickly in your hands. This would increase the average kinetic energy of the pencil particles to be higher. There would be more energy, so particles would move faster.
500
Describe what happens when the particles of a liquid are heated. Describe the change of state and what is happening on a particle level.
As a liquid is heated, it will boil and evaporate into a gas. As it is heated, the particles move further apart and will move more quickly.
500
Which of the following has particles with a lower average kinetic energy? 1. Snow or water? 2. A shirt hanging in the sun or a shirt in the closet? 3. A light bulb that's on or a light bulb that's off?
1. Snow 2. A shirt in a closet 3. A light bulb that's off
500
Ashna gets 4 spoons made of different materials. She places them in a bowl of very hot water. After 2 minutes, she measures the temperature. Which material is the better conductor and better insulator? Why? Plastic - 35* Stainless Steel - 67* Silver - 78* Wood - 28*
Silver is the best conductor because it conducted the most heat, and reflects the highest temperature. Wood is the best conductor because it did not conduct heat well, and it measured the lowest temperature.
500
This is equal to the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1*. What is this called? And what is the second way that heat can be measured?
This is a calorie. Heat can also be measured in joules. p. 349
500
Describe the steps in the scientific method in detail.
Problem or Essential Question Form the Hypothesis Plan the Investigation Identify Variables Collect/Organize Data Analyze Data/Information Conclusion