Epigenetics
Multiple Choice:
Which of the following best describes the primary function of gene regulation in cells?
A) To replicate DNA during cell division
B) To control the production of functional proteins
C) To facilitate RNA splicing
D) To repair mutations in the DNA sequence
B
This molecule carries the genetic information from parent to offspring.
What is DNA?
Environmental factors like diet, stress, and toxins can influence gene expression through this biological process.
What is epigenetic modification?
This is the stage of the cell cycle where the cell is actively dividing into two daughter cells.
This department was founded in 1921 as the Department of Farm Mechanics.
What is the ABE department?
This process involves regulating gene activity without altering the DNA sequence, often through mechanisms like DNA methylation and histone modification.
What is epigenetics?
These are different forms of a gene that can result in different traits, such as eye color or blood type.
What is alleles?
This common epigenetic mechanism involves adding chemical tags to DNA, often silencing gene expression.
What is DNA methylation?
Question: Which phase of the cell cycle involves the cell growing and preparing for DNA replication?
A) G1
B) G2
C) M
D) S
A
This tool is used to predict the genetic outcomes of a cross between two organisms.
What is a Punnett Square?
This type of mutation is NOT considered an epigenetic mechanism.
What is point mutation?
Which term describes genes that are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner?
A) Epigenetic reset
B) Histone tagging
C) Genomic imprinting
D) Transcriptional drift
C
These proteins bind to specific DNA sequences to control the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA.
What are transcription factors?
This phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the synthesis of DNA.
What is the S phase?
This process in the carbon cycle involves the movement of carbon from the atmosphere into the earth's surface through plant photosynthesis.
What is carbon fixation?
DNA methylation typically leads to gene silencing. Which nucleotide is most commonly methylated in this process?
A) Cytosine
B) Adenine
C) Guanine
D) Thymine
A
If an organism inherits one dominant allele and one recessive allele, this is the term used to describe its genetic makeup.
What is heterozygous?
This process involves silencing one parental allele of a gene, so only the maternal or paternal copy is expressed.
What is parental imprinting?
This is located near the end of the G1 phase and checks for DNA damage, determining if the cell should proceed to S phase.
What is the G1 checkpoint?
This molecule is produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis and used in the Calvin cycle to produce glucose.
What is NADPH?
Chemical modifications to these proteins can condense or relax chromatin structure, thereby regulating gene expression.
What is histones?
This 19th-century scientist is known as the father of genetics for his experiments with pea plants.
In calico cats, the random inactivation of one X chromosome in each cell is an example of this epigenetic mechanism.
What is RNA-mediated gene silencing?
This protein family plays a critical role in controlling the transition from G2 to mitosis by triggering the activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).
What are cyclins?
This term describes the process by which individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce in a specific environment.
What is natural selection?