Secondary Assessments (WFA)
What is the goal of the Secondary Assessment?
Find every problem requiring first aid and do no further harm
What is it called when the snow becomes heavy enough to break the bonds holding it to a slope, and it slides down the slope?
What is an Avalanche?
When belaying or rappelling, what can you never do with your brake hand?
Let go
Hypothermia occurs when what happens?
Severe loss of body heat (core <95 deg)
On average, how long can you survive in the wilderness without water?
3-5 days
When conducting a SAMPLE history, what does the “L” represent?
Last intake/output
How much time does a person who is completely buried in an avalanche typically have before their chances of survival dramatically drop?
10 minutes
What is the acronym used for belaying and what does it stand for?
PBUS – Pull, brake, under, slide
Sever hypothermia is characterized by the loss of what key body function for staying warm?
Shivering
What is the first line of defense when providing shelter for protection from cold, wet and wind?
Clothing
When documenting, what does the “P” stand for in SOAP?
Plan
What is the “sweet spot” slope angle for avalanches?
39 deg (or 38 deg)
What is the first command a climber gives to the belayer before climbing?
On belay
Frostbite occurs when skin or flesh does what?
Freezes
What is the best material to use when starting a fire?
Tinder – fine, dry, stringy material
What does MOI stand for?
Mechanism of Injury/Illness
What basic avy safety gear is the minimum required when traveling in avalanche terrain?
Beacon, probe and shovel
Name a hitch we can use for ascending a rope?
Prussik or Kleimheist
If evacuation will take a long time, what do you NOT want to do when treating frostbite?
Thaw the injury
North-facing slopes, channels, low points and trees or plant growth are all aspects of the terrain that should be considered when looking for what?
Water
When conducting the hands-on exam, how much of the body needs to be looked at?
ALL
What 3 components are needed for an avalanche to occur?
Suitable terrain, unstable snow and a trigger
When evaluating anchors, what acronym do we use?
SERENE
Treatment of hypothermia includes what?
Reducing further heat loss and rewarming
When considering a food source, what is more plentiful and nutritious than plants in the wilderness?
Insects