Approaches
Three approaches to abnormal behavior
Biological, Psychological, Sociocultural
short but intense periods of extreme anxiety
panic attacks
Accuracy of a test/method
Validity
Three places where stigma originates
medical doctor, can prescribe medications
psychiatrist
Anxiety disorder in which the individual experiences intense fear of public humiliation or rejection and therefore tends to avoid social situations.
Social Anxiety Disorder
anxiety disorder characterized by chronic anxiety in daily life
GAD
unreasonable/irrational fear of specific objects situations
Specific phobias
Includes methods such a flooding and modeling
exposure therapy
Major issue with Benzodiazepines
Highly addictive
Four primary neurotransmitters
Serotonin, Dopamine, Norepinephrine, and GABA
examining unhelpful cognitive patterns and cognitive biases, and learning new, more effective ways to think about challenging situations
cognitive restructuring
Consistency of a test/method
Reliability
4 D's of Abnormality
Dysfunction, distress, deviance, dangerous
master's degree, specializes in helping families, couples
marriage and family therapist
judging self harshly is a symptom of which disorder
Social Anxiety Disorder
rumination, worry, anxiety sensitivity are examples of this
cognitive risk factors
person fears snakes--what category of specific phobia is this?
animal type phobias
offer people with long term mental health problems the opportunity to live in a structured, supportive environment while they try to re-establish working behaviors with family and friends
halfway houses
future oriented apprehension or sense of dread
anxiety
Lithium
state of extreme distress caused by separation from primary caregiver , typical for early childhood development
separation anxiety (not to be confused with separation anxiety disorder)
Tool that organizes the information collected during clinical interview
Mental Status Exam
What is cultural relativism?
no universal standards for labeling behavior as abnormal
Mindfulness is a technique of this therapy
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
gold standard for treatment of GAD
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
specific phobia (situations)
process by which symptoms of anxiety that have preceded panic attacks become the signals for new panic attacks
interoceptive conditioning
risk factor + stress/trigger= full blown psychological disorder: what is the term for this?
Diathesis-stress model
Detecting a disorder at its earliest stages to prevent the development of the full-blown disorder
Secondary prevention
Psychological approach that uses systematic desensitization
Behavioral
Heightened awareness of bodily cues that signal a coming panic attack.
interoceptive awareness
Label attached to set of symptoms that occur together
diagnosis
community mental health movement
conditions that help to reduce risk (counter risk factors)
protective factors
assessment tool you might use to look for Generalized anxiety disorder
GAD-7
when a person catastrophizes instead of managing stress, they lack this
emotional regulation
With this phobia, symptoms of fear and anxiety must occur in TWO DIFFERENT situations
Agoraphobia
severe stress, childhood abuse and trauma, financial difficulties are all examples of what?
Risk factors
therapeutic technique where we update unhelpful beliefs that stem from negative past experiences
imagery rescripting
Poverty is a risk factor of which approach?
Sociocultural
majority of people think they're having a medical emergency with which disorder
panic disorder
Client has Anxiety and substance abuse together- clinical term for this
Comorbidity
What is the Continuum of abnormal behavior?
problems in thoughts, feelings, behaviors vary from normal to abnormal
self-actualization is a component of this theory
humanistic
assessment designed to strengthen personal motivation for and commitment to a specific goal by exploring person's own reason for change
Motivational interviewing
biological treatments for GAD include these two classes of medications
SSRIs and SNRIs
treatment for phobias that involves hierarchy of fear
systematic desensitization
Three causes of psychopathology according to the Biological approach
brain dysfunction, genetics, biochemical imbalances
therapy that focuses on challenging irrational thoughts or beliefs
Cognitive Behavioral therapy
what is a benefit of standardization?
increases both validity and reliability
worry creates illusion of control for patients with which disorder
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
cognitive vulnerability
belief that anxiety and its symptoms harm the body
anxiety sensitivity
panic attacks have physical and _______ symptoms
cognitive
Panic Disorder
term used for when a person thinks about killing themselves
suicidal ideation
psychological disorder marked by abnormal fear or worry of becoming separated from primary caregiver AND clinging behaviors
separation anxiety disorder
examples of safety behaviors with social phobias
avoid eye contact, excessively rehearse, fail to self disclose
two downsides to SSRIs
lose effect once stop taking med; side effects such as nausea, weight gain, sexual dysfunction