Personality Disorders pt. 1
A persistent pattern of emotions, cognitions, and behavior that results in enduring emotional distress for the person affected and/or for others and may cause difficulties with work and relationships
Schizoid personality disorder is characterized by
a lack of interest in social relationships, a solitary lifestyle, and detachment from others
Both of these personality disorders have mild links to schizophrenia
Schizotypal and avoidant
Schizophrenia symptoms are split into _____ and _____ symptoms.
Positive (experiences added on top of normal functioning), negative (absence or insufficiency of normal behavior)
Schizoaffective disorder is
Symptoms of schizophrenia + additional experience of a major mood episode (depressive or manic)
Unlike many other disorders in the DSM, personality disorders are _______, meaning they often feel consistent with one's identity.
ego-syntonic
Clinical features of schizotypal personality disorder include
-Behavior and dress is odd and unusual
-Socially isolated and highly suspicious
-Magical thinking, ideas of reference, and illusions
How are OCD and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder different?
OCD is characterized by intrusive unwanted thoughts causing anxiety and repetitive behaviors designed to neutralize the obsession. OCPD refers to a pervasive need to do things in a certain way, but not ritualized. OCPD is driven by rigidity rather than anxiety.
Positive symptoms include
Delusions and hallucinations
Catatonia is defined by
Unusual motor responses, particularly immobility or agitation, and odd mannerisms
There are ____ personality disorders divided into ____ clusters.
10, 3
“Sociopathy” and “psychopathy” typically refer to this disorder
Antisocial personality disorder
What type of therapy, shown to have high success with BPD clients, was actually created by an individual with BPD?
Dialectical behavior therapy
Negative symptoms include
-Avolition—inability to initiate and persist in activities
-Alogia—absence of speech
-Anhedonia—presumed lack of pleasure
-Asociality—lack of interest in social interactions
-Affective Flattening—do not show emotions when you would normally expect them to
Early adulthood, childhood.
Cluster A is the ________ cluster, cluster B is the ________ cluster, and cluster C is the ______ cluster.
- odd or eccentric
- dramatic, emotional, erratic
- fearful or anxious
Borderline personality disorder is characterized by
Unstable moods and relationships, impulsivity, fear of abandonment, very poor self-image
Which personality disorder shows the highest comorbidity with other disorders?
Borderline personality disorder. 80% depression, 10% bipolar, 67% substance use disorder
Hallucinations are defined by _________. The most common hallucination is ________.
Experience of sensory events without environmental input, auditory.
Life expectancy for schizophrenic individuals is less than average for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
-Increased risk for suicide
-High comorbidity with physical ailments
-Increased risk for accidents
-Self care may be poorer
Personality disorders effect ____ of the population
10%
One theory of what may cause narcissistic personality disorder is that these individuals fail to learn _____ as a child.
Empathy
The dimensional model...
Rates individuals on the degree to which they exhibit various personality traits rather than all-or-nothing categories
Schizophreniform disorder is diagnosed when symptoms last for ________
between 1 to 6 months
The prodromal phase can be defined as
Less severe, yet unusual symptoms that last for about 1-2 years before more serious symptoms start.