Abnormal disorders pt. 1
Name two core symptoms required (at least one present) for a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder.
Depressed mood and/or loss of interest/pleasure (anhedonia).
What are the key features/symptoms that you see with anxiety disorders (generally)
Persistent anxiety or fear about real or perceived threats; anticipation of future threat.
What research question did the Rosenhan study investigate?
Can psychiatrists and clinicians reliably distinguish between "sane" and "insane" individuals?
What is the major difference in the current DSM-5 and the previous editions ?
Define prevalence and explain how it differs from incidence.
Prevalence = total cases in a population at a given time; incidence = new cases over a period.
Obsessions are unwanted, intrusive thoughts, urges, or images that cause significant anxiety, while compulsions are ...
the repetitive behaviors or mental acts a person feels driven to perform to temporarily alleviate that distress.
In Rosenhan’s Part 1, what symptom did Pseudo-patients report to gain admission?
They reported hearing voices saying "empty," "hollow," and "thud."
Name a movie or tv show character that we discussed and what type of mental disorder they have.
answers vary
The average depressive episode lasts how many months ?
or
What percentage of people experience a depressive episode in their lives (approx.)
3-4 months and 80%
Describe one key characteristic of dissociative disorders.
Disruption of consciousness, memory, identity, perception; often following trauma.
Summarize one major finding from Rosenhan’s study about labeling bias.
Labeling bias: once labeled mentally ill, normal behaviors were interpreted psychiatrically.
(Note taking was seen as obsessive, compulsive or sone other type of abnormal behavior)
A person who has been diagnosed with Schizophrenia since they were 19 was just recently diagnosed at 31 with OCD.
What is this phenomena called ?
Comorbidity co-occurrence of two or more disorders. Reasons: overlapping symptoms, shared biological/psychological causes, one disorder increasing vulnerability to another.
List three physical or cognitive symptoms commonly seen in Major Depressive Disorder. ( not counting the two most common=depressed mood or lost of interest/pleasure in things)
sleep disturbance, appetite/weight changes, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, feelings of worthlessness, psychomotor changes, suicidal ideation.
Chloe was brought to a pediatric clinic by her parents due to significant weight loss (27 lbs over 8 months), persistent fatigue lasting four months. She was previously bullied about her weight in school.
What are the three most common disorders (listed on the study guide) she may be experiencing?
Anorexia
Bulimia
Body dysmorphia
Identify two ethical issues raised by the Rosenhan experiment.
Deception; lack of informed consent; potential psychological/institutional harm; lack of debriefing.
If the kappa coefficients outcome is .78 we can assume what about the reliability and or validity of the test/study?
What is the common problem that refers to when two patients share only one symptom but both meet criteria for the same disorder.
Heterogeneity = same disorder can present differently in different people (e.g., two MDD patients share only one symptom but both meet criteria).
What is the main thing that will cause a diagnosis of Bipolar disorder two to be switched to bipolar 1 ?
Needing Hospitalization (because of the bpd)
Explain the main take-away from the Reiger et al. (DSM-5 field trials) results and one implication for clinical practice.
Reiger et al.: diagnostic agreement higher than expected (reasonable reliability) but symptom overlap means diagnosis should be monitored and revised; clinicians must recognize overlap and avoid fixed labels.
A scale that is off by 9 less pounds every time something is weighed has what type of reliability and validity ?
It is reliable because its consistently wrong by the same amount but its not valid because the weight is wrong.