Theories
Diathesis-Stress Model
Diathesis (psychological vulnerability, biological vulnerability) -> Potential stress factors (unemployment, divorce, sociocultural factors) -> Potential protective factors (coping resources, social support) -> Depression
Most likely of all depression for hospital referrals and has the highest risk for suicide
Psychotic Depression- MDD with delusions and psychosis; self persecutory, disassociation or disconnection from oneself or reality, hallucinations (often auditory)
Antidepressants, lithium, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation are examples of what kind of treatment?
What is "biological treatment"
Disorder that frequently follows a stressful life event, such as an illness, death of a relative or pet, or change schools or home; symptoms include persistent anxiety when away from caregivers, reluctance to leave the home or be left alone
What is "separation anxiety disorder"
Behaviour therapy can consist of what?
Systematic desensitization, gradual exposure, token economies, and modelling
Seligman's theory that explains people learn to view themsevles as helpless to control the reinforcements in their environments or to change their lives for the better
What is the "Learned Helplessness (Attributional) Theory"
Characterized by a chronic pattern of mild mood swings between depression and hypomania; not of sufficient severity to be classified as bipolar
What is "cyclothymic disorder"
Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
A brief, psychodynamic form of therapy that focuses on helping people resolve interpersonal problems
Rare condition where individual can and will speak to specific people, but not to others
What is "selective mutism"
Person-centered and emotion-focused therapy are what kind of therapies?
Human-existential therapies
Focuses on inner, often unconscious, determinants of mood disorders and normal feelings/grief following a loss
What is "psychodynamic perspective"
Dysthymia
Chronic low-grade depression that can last years; helpless to change, trouble enjoying life even when good things happen, low mood, fatigue, dull outlook, poor concentration, and poor appetite and sleep
This approach encourages patients to increase their frequency with rewarding or enjoyable activities
What is "behavioural activation"
Agoraphobia
A fear of places and situations from which it might be difficult or embarrassing to escape; may fear shopping in crowded stores, crossing bridges, travelling by bus/train/car, eating in restaurants, or leaving the house
Induction of a convulsive seizure by means of passing an electric current through the head; used primarily in the treatment of severe depression
What is "electroconvulsive therapy"
Aaron Beck says depression derives from the adoption of negative views of oneself, the world, and the future
What is the "Cognitive Triad of Depression"
Severe depression characterized by the occurence of major depressive episodes and heightened with allostatic factors
Major Depressive Disorder
Lithium may be used to treat what kind of disorder?
A traumatic stress reaction occuring in the days and weeks following exposure to a traumatic event that lasts 4 weeks or less
What is "acute stress disorder"
Indigenous healing
Mental illness is a balance of mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects and is is multileveled (individual, family, community)
Clients learn to recognize and change their dysfunctional thinking patterns; usually involves coping-skills model in which children or adolescents receive social-skills training
What is "cognitive behavioural therapy"
Adjustment Disorder
Maladaptive reactions to an identified stressor(s) that occur shortly following exposure and result in impaired functioning or signs of emotional distress that exceed what would normally be expected in the situation
What kind of therapy involves free association and transference
Psychodynamic