Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
True or False: In OCD, the person always has BOTH obsessions AND compulsions.
FALSE — you can meet criteria with obsessions only OR compulsions only, though most people have both.
Which eating disorder has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder?
Anorexia Nervosa
How many symptoms over a 12-month period are required to meet criteria for Substance Use Disorder diagnosis?
at least 2 symptoms
How many personality disorders are recognized by the DSM-5-TR?
BONUS: what are they?
10:
Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
Histrionic, Narcissistic, Borderline, Antisocial
Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-compulsive
What is the difference between a positive symptom and a negative symptom in schizophrenia?
Positive symptoms = ADDITION of abnormal experiences (hallucinations, delusions).
Negative symptoms = LOSS of normal functioning (flat affect, anhedonia).
True or false, neurocognitive disorders only refer to people that are experiencing cognitive decline due to age
FALSE, neurocognitive disorders are a broad category that refer to an acquired cognitive decline due to illness or disease, not age
Name one common theme/type of obsession found in OCD
Contamination (washing,cleaning) Symmetry (checking/counting), taboo thoughts (sexual or violent)
What is "purging" and which eating disorders can involve it?
Purging = self-induced vomiting, laxative use, or excessive exercise.
Patients with Bulimia Nervosa and the Binge-Purge subtype of Anorexia Nervosa
Define tolerance and withdrawal
Tolerance = needing MORE of a substance to get the same effect.
Withdrawal = negative symptoms that occur when you STOP or reduce use after prolonged heavy use.
What is the key feature of Narcissistic Personality Disorder?
Need for admiration, grandiosity and lack of empathy for others
A patient believes a song on the radio is playing specifically for them. What type of delusion is this?
Referential delusion — the belief that environmental cues or events are specifically directed at oneself.
True or false you can have multiple neurocognitive disorders at the same time
TRUE. A patient can have multiple comorbid neurocognitive disorders. BUT they will either be in the mild or major category.
What does ERP stand for, and how does it work?
Exposure and Response Prevention — the gold-standard treatment for OCD. The patient engages in obsessive thought WITHOUT doing the compulsion.
Which eating disorder involves binge eating with NO compensatory purging behaviors?
Binge Eating Disorder (BED)
What is the only behavioral addiction classified in the same DSM-5-TR chapter as Substance Use Disorders?
Gambling Disorder
What is the gold-standard treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), and who created it?
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) — created by Marsha Linehan, who was herself diagnosed with BPD.
What is the difference between Schizophreniform Disorder and Schizophrenia?
Duration — Schizophreniform lasts at least 1 month but less than 6 months. Schizophrenia requires 6 months or more
whats the difference between major and mild neurocognitive disorder?
MAJOR: Characterized by a significant decline in overall cognitive functioning and inability to care for self in terms of daily living (pay bills, take medication, care for self etc.).
MILD: Characterized by a modest decline in one of the 5 domains
Hoarding disorder is...
Long-term, persistent unwillingness or inability to discard valueless objects because of fear associated with getting rid of them
Name one biological, one psychological, and one sociocultural risk factor for eating disorders.
Biological: genetics
Psychological: perfectionism, low self-esteem, impulse control
Sociocultural: media idealization of thinness, family emphasis on weight.
What is the difference between a substance-use disorder and a substance-induced disorder?
Substance use disorder is an ongoing addiction to a substance that impacts functioning of life
Substance-induced disorders are temporary disorders that occur only following the exposure to or withdrawal from a substance
What is the most common personality disorder?
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
True or False: Atypical antipsychotics are preferred over conventional antipsychotics because they carry a lower risk of Tardive Dyskinesia.
TRUE
What are the 6 symptom domains of neurocognitive disorders
What is the key difference between Body Dysmorphic Disorder and normal concern about appearance?
In BDD the preoccupation is excessive, causes significant distress or impairment, and the perceived flaw is minimal or not observable to others.
Normal concern about appearance - is not excessive, does not cause significant distress, or there may actually be a scar or abnormality that is visible to others
What percent of adolescents are diagnosed with at least 1 eating disorder before their 20th birthday?
13%
Name one psychological and one sociocultural risk factor for developing a Substance Use Disorder.
Psychological: history of trauma, depression, or anxiety.
Sociocultural: peer pressure, early exposure to substances, family history and attitude toward drug use.
What cluster are Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal personality disorders in — and what do they have in common?
Cluster A — all share odd or eccentric thinking and behavior.
What is "expressed emotion" and why does it matter for schizophrenia?
Expressed emotion = hostile, critical, or overinvolved behavior from family members — and it is a significant predictor of RELAPSE in schizophrenia.
How can you tell the difference between Parkinsons and Lewy bodies?
Parkinsons has primary symptom of motor dysfunction than is followed by cognitive symptoms
Lewy bodies has cognitive alteration first followed by motor symptoms