Abnormal Psychology History
Deviance, Dysfunction, Distress, & Danger
What are the 4 ways we determine if an individual is in need of treatment for a psychiatric condition?
The "father of modern psychopathology."
Who was Johann Weyer?
Practitioner who utilized hypnosis in the 1700's to relieve psychiatric symptoms.
Who was Anton Mesmer?
This involves the manipulation of an independent variable and observing its effect on a dependent variable.
What is the Experimental Design (Scientific Method)?
Do no harm, obtain informed consent, utilize strict confidentiality, and debrief following the experiment.
What are the criteria utilized by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) to determine the suitability of an experiment?
Method to release "evil spirits" that were thought to be causing mental conditions.
What is trephining (trepanation)?
Hospital in Belgium where patients were treated with respect and resided in local homes called "colonies."
What is Gheel Hospital?
Physician who worked with Josef Breuer, treating a woman with a case of "hysteria," and who developed "talk therapy."
Who was Sigmund Freud?
This involves the selection of subjects for a study, who approximate the population as a whole.
What is a Representative Sample?
John B. Watson created a phobia in Little Albert, but was unable to ________________ the fears.
What is extinguish?
Hippocrates' belief in the cause of melancholy (depression) due to the imbalance of this.
What is black bile?
Administrator of a psychiatric hospital in France, who treated patients humanely, saw them as potentially productive citizens, and helped many return to their homes.
Who was Philippe Pinel?
A formulation in response to a question of scientific interest, leading to further research to answer it.
What is a hypothesis?
Once the subjects that approximate the population at large are selected, this is how they are chosen to be in the experiment.
What is random sampling (assigning subjects at random)?
When studying the effects of illumination on factory productivity, the Hawthorne researchers found that productivity was not affected by low illumination. This was due to _______________.
What is the presence of the experimenters (related to the workers' desire to perform well for them)?
The belief that rapid, uncoordinated jerking movements (called St. Vitas' Dance) would get rid of the effects of the bite from a certain type of spider.
What is Tarantism?
The "Father of American Psychiatry."
Who was Benjamin Rush?
A type of research in which an individual's life and characteristics are looked upon in great detail, leading to diagnoses and potential treatment.
What is a Case Study?
In an experiment, the "outcome" variable that is observed/measured is called ______.
What is a dependent variable?
The expectations of experimenters in a research study are said to affect the outcome of the experiment. The subjects are likely to meet these expectations. This is known as...
What is the Rosenthal (or Pygmalion) Effect?
A person's belief that they are possessed by a wolf, are covered with fur, and are subsequently acting like a wolf.
What is Lycanthropy?
He believed that mental disorders were caused by "general paresis," a result of syphillis.
Who was Richard von Krafft Ebing?
Research designed to measure the degree in which 2 variables occur at the same time.
What is a correlational study?
In a _______ experiment, neither the participants nor the researchers know which condition or group they're in, to avoid experimenter bias.
What is double-blind?
As discussed in class, modeling healthy self-esteem by teachers or parents, can help to ______________ the self-esteem of children.
What is raise?