Wild Card
Negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement
Negative punishment, positive punishment
List the different types of anxiety disorders
HINT: there's 7!
Generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobic disorder, social anxiety, agoraphobia, separation anxiety disorder, and selective mutism.
What are the different somatic symptom & related and dissociative disorders?
Somatic: somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, conversion disorder, factitious disorder
Dissociative: dissociative identity disorder, dissociative amnesia, depersonalization derealization disorder
Name all the different perspectives for abnormal psychology
Freudian/ Psychodynamic perspective, Behavioral perspective (classical conditioning & operant conditioning), Neuroscience perspective
What are the three main components of a psychological disorder?
Psychological dysfunction, distress or impairment, and atypical response
Which disorders are more prevalent in women? In men?
Women: depressive and anxiety disorders
Men: substance abuse disorders, cultural variations of illness anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder
A conversion symptom and may represent a strong desire to be pregnant
What is pseudocyesis?
The psychodynamic theory of this disorder proposes that emotions associated with a traumatic event that the individual cannot express because of moral or ethical unacceptability.
What is conversion disorder?
Name and explain the parts of the mind according to Freudian theory.
Superego: conscience, driven by moral principles
Id:illogical, emotional, irrational, driven by pleasure principle
Ego: logical, rational, driven by reality principles
What are the two dimensions that differentiate extreme behavior from a psychological disorder?
Time/duration & degree/severity
The individual exhibits excessive levels of anxiety and concern when separated from someone to whom they have an emotional attachment
What is separation anxiety?
From the behavioral perspective, what operant processes maintain the symptoms and contribute to the chronic nature of anxiety disorders?
Anxiety is a rewarded behavior. When the feared stimulus is removed, anxiety symptoms go away.Negative reinforcement!!
Compare and contrast somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, conversion disorder, and factitious disorder.
Somatic symptom disorder is focused on the symptoms associated with health concerns. Illness anxiety disorder is focused on the illness or disease that may come from symptoms. Conversion disorder is when sensory motor systems are affected. Factitious disorder is when the person fakes being ill.
What is the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning? Give an example of each.
Classical conditioning is based on reflexive conditioning, pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned response (Ex: dogs salivating at bell)
Operant conditioning is when voluntary behavior is controlled by consequences (negative/positive reinforcement/punishment)
Name 5 different defense mechanisms and an example of each.
Repression, denial, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacement, intellectualization, undoing, isolation of affect, regression, sublimation
Which neurotransmitters play an important role in anxiety and mood disorders? What medications can be used to treat these disorders on the nervous system?
Neurotransmitters: norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, GABA
Treatment: SSRI blockers, Lithium, benzodiazepines
Describe the characteristics that distinguish the anxiety disorders from each other.
Distinguish generalized anxiety disorder vs others, specific phobia vs others, etc
What are the underlying mechanisms or processes responsible for somatic symptom disorder according to psychodynamic and behavioral perspectives?
Behavioral perspective: triggered by a stressful event
psychodynamic perspective: manifest disorder as a need for attention
What are the different behavior therapies and give an example of how a psychological disorder can be treated with one of them? HINT: there's 4!
Flooding, gradual exposure, systematic desensitization, and modeling
Ex: gradually exposing someone with a phobia to the feared stimulus
People with _____ are mainly preoccupied with their physical symptoms, which are commonly not associated with any disease.
What is somatic symptom disorder?
The anxiety response can be decreased by changing cognitive distortions. This therapy helps the individual to identify negative thoughts that produce anxiety, examine the cause and develop supportive ideas that replace the negative self-talk
What is cognitive behavioral therapy?
What are the major components of the central nervous system (CNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS) and their role in anxiety and mood disorders? What neurotransmitters are involved?
:)
People with _____ may misinterpret normal bodily sensations as signs of a serious disorder. Choose the most likely answer.
What is illness anxiety disorder?
Compare and contrast Freudian psychodynamic and behavioral perspectives. Give an example of a psychological disorder that is best explained by each perspective.
:)
Inability to produce voice
What is aphonia?