Bipolar disorder
approximately 40-70%
What is the chance for one co-twin developing bipolar disorder if the other co-twin has been diagnosed with this disorder?
The presence of excessive anxiety most of the day every day
What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
Catastrophic thinking
What are cognitive symptoms associated with Panic disorder?
Norepinephrine and Serotonin
What neurotransmitter systems are dysregulated in PTSD?
Forgetting due to trauma
What is psychogenic amnesia
Reduced need for sleep
What is a hallmark symptom of Mania?
Psychoeducation and cognitive restructuring
What are treatment methods for GAD?
Locus coeruleus
What brain structures are dysregulated in Panic Disorder?
Cortisol
What hormones are dysregulated in PTSD?
The presence of alters
What is the identity problem in these disorders?
Mood stabilizers
What are the major types of medications used to treat Bipolar disorder?
Hypervigilance
What are cognitive symptoms of GAD?
Serotonin and norepinephrine
What neurotransmitter systems are implicated in panic diosrder?
Preexisting depressive disorders
What are risk factors for developing PTSD?
2%
What is the prevalence of DID?
Enlarged and overactive amygdala
What brain structures are affected by Bipolar disorder?
Grey and white matter in the temporal lobe
What are brain areas impacted by GAD?
blood oxygenation
What is a neural mechanism associated with Bipolar disorder?
Hippocampus
What brain structure is impacted by PTSD?
Inability to remember one's whole life
What is generalized amnesia?
Serotonin, norepinephrine and glutamate
What are the neurotransmitter systems dysregulated in Bipolar diosrder?
Dopamine, GABA, NE and serotonin
What are the neurotransmitters implicated in GAD?
Developed by an oversensitivity to detecting suffocation and based on learning principles
What are the two types of panic disorder?
Feedback look amongst frontal lobe, basal ganglia and thalamus
What brain systems are dysregulated in OCD?
10 or less
How many alters do most DID patients have?