Global Perspective
What are the three forms of racism?
What are the three forms of racism?
How has colonisation contributed to contemporary health and education inequality?
Dispossession + cultural disruption + racism + socioeconomic disadvantage
→ poorer access/wellbeing
→ continuing health/education inequalities
What makes community consultation effective?
• Ongoing + two-way
• Respectful
• Appropriate knowledge holders
• Feedback + review
• Community involvement
Define maintenance and reclamation.
Maintenance = continuing existing culture
Reclamation = recovering disrupted culture
Initiatives may do both simultaneously
What does assess require?
• Make a judgement
• Support with evidence
• Consider value/effectiveness/impact
What are the four principles of social justice?
• Human rights
• Access
• Participation
• Equity
What factors can be used to assess health or education? Give data for one.
Health: life expectancy, burden of disease, mental health
Education: literacy and numeracy, Year 12 attainment, attendance
What does FPIC require?
• Free – no pressure
• Prior – beforehand
• Informed – understands purpose/use
• Consent – genuine + ongoing
How can Aboriginal peoples affirm their heritage and identity? Support with a case study.
Through language, Country, dance, art, media, ceremony + community initiatives.
E.g. Bangarra/Rekindling: Elders + young people maintain/reclaim stories, dance, language and cultural knowledge
What does analyse require?
• Identify components/features
• Explain relationships
• Show how/why they produce an effect
Why is UNDRIP significant for Indigenous peoples?
• Recognises self-determination
• Land + cultural rights
• Health + education
• Participation and FPIC
Why can community-controlled healthcare improve health outcomes?
• Self-determination
• Cultural safety + trust
• Holistic care
• Community priorities
• Reduces access barriers
What does ICIP protect?
Aboriginal rights to control cultural:
• Knowledge
• Stories/language
• Art/images
• Cultural expressions
• Use + sharing
What does the Gujaga Foundation demonstrate?
• Language reclamation
• Learning on Country
• Intergenerational knowledge
• Cultural authority
• Education/employment opportunities
What should a mini-thesis do?
• Answer the question
• State paragraph argument
• Link to overall thesis/judgement
Give one example of Indigenous protest/political struggle & explain how it improved legal or political status.
Examples: Wave Hill / Tent Embassy / Māori Land March / Constitution Express
• Challenged government control
• Increased recognition of rights
• Advanced land rights/self-determination
Evaluate the role of self-determination in Indigenous education.
• Indigenous control/voice
• Culturally responsive education
• Language + cultural maintenance
• Stronger community involvement
• Structural barriers still affect outcomes
What does ethical research look like?
• Shared decision-making
• Community voice/control
• Ongoing consultation
• Respect for Indigenous knowledges
• Community benefit
How can government action protect Aboriginal heritage and identity? Support with a case study.
• Legal recognition/protection
• Funding + resources
• Supports reclamation/maintenance
E.g. Aboriginal Languages Act 2017 + Aboriginal Languages Trust
What makes a Band 5/6 extended response?
Sustained, logical, cohesive
• Directly answers question
• Clear mini-theses
• Specific + accurate evidence
• Analysis/evaluation
• Cohesive links back to question
How does equity differ from equality in achieving social justice?
NZ: Treaty of Waitangi
Canada: historic/modern treaties
Australia: no national treaty
Explain the strengths and weaknesses of ONE health or education initiative for Australia AND NZ (two total).
Health: Te Whare Tapa Whā, ACCHs, Closing the Gap, Whānau Ora
Education: Kōhanga Reo, Kura Kaupapa Māor, Clontarf, Kimberwalli
A researcher consults an Elder once, gains consent and publishes their story accurately. Why might the research still be unethical?
• Consultation was not ongoing
• Consent ≠ automatic cultural ownership
• No evidence of community review/benefit
• May ignore ICIP/local protocols
How can media representation affect Aboriginal identity? Support with a case study.
• Self-representation strengthens pride + cultural authority
• Challenges stereotypes
• Negative representation can reinforce racism
E.g. IndigenousX/NITV or Heartbreak High
What should and shouldn't you memorise for the HSC exam?
Should:
Shouldn't: