England
In the 1500s and the 1600s, the most successful English monarchs were those that did what?
Cooperated with Parliament.
Which Enlightenment thinker believed most strongly that women should enjoy the same rights as men?
The Enlightenment thinker that believed women can enjoy the same rights as men was Mary Wollstonecraft.
Why did Peter the Great visit Western Europe?
Peter the Great visited Western Europe to get ideas to modernize Russia.
How did Charles I show his intention of ignoring the 1628 Petition of Right?
Charles I dissolved parliament.
Why did Peter the Great wish to acquire a warm-water port for Russia?
Peter the Great wanted to increase trade witht the West.
In the 1500s, major wars broke out in Europe between what two groups?
The Protestants and the Catholics
What was the result of the conflict over Poland?
The result was that Russia, Austria, and Prussia partitioned Poland.
Name two things Henry IV as king of France did to lessen religious conflict?
Convert to Catholicism and issue the Edict of Nantes
What point was Parliament trying to make by executing Charles I?
The point Parliament was trying to make was that no monarch could claim absolute power in England.
Where did the Catherine the Great expanded Russian terrority?
Catherine the Great expanded Russian terrority into Eastern Europe.
In the English Civil War, which group would have opposed teh execution of Charles I?
The Roundheads
The Enlightenment idea most associated with philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
The idea that people form social contracts to protect themselves and their rights.
What is the divine right of kings?
The idea that kings are appointed by God to rule.
Name three things Peter the Great does in order to westernize Russia.
Forces nobles to shave beards and dress in European style, introduced the potato, expanded education, modernized the government.
Name two actions that Empress Maria Theresa took to reform Austria.
Empress Maria Theresa funded public schools and improved the tax system.
What was the Glorious Revolution?
The overthrow of the first king established after Cromwell and his replacement by his daughter and son-in-law, Mary and William.
How does Versailles demonstrate Louis XIV's power?
It was hugely expensive and required a lot of labor- shows he had control over the economy and labor
Describe Louis XIV's relationship with the French nobility.
Louis XIV feared the nobility to some extent and wished to limit its power. This sentiment is revealed in his elaborate court rituals, designed to keep French nobles from becoming too powerful or from becoming resentful enought to rebel, and in his appointment of many ministers from non-noble backgrounds to government positions.
What other previous social movements influenced the development of the Enlightenment?
The Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, the Scientific Revolution
Who prospered/ suffered as a result of Peter the Great's rule?
Russia as a whole became more modern and more like western Europe. Women became more independent, education was expanded, the government became more efficient. People were forced to change their way of life (nobility and beards/ clothing). Up to 100,000 serfs died in the construction of St. Petersburg. Heavy taxes paid for his reforms.
How were the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers influenced by the Scientific Revolution?
The Scientific Revolution championed the use of reason to investigate the natural world. The Enlightenment became known as the Age of Reason because its thinkers used logic and reason to examine society and try to improve it. In addition, the Scientific Revolution challenged many traditional and religious ideas, which helped pave the way for Enlightenment thinkers to look for new solutions to social problems.
Beginning with the earliest events, put the events in correct order: Gold and silver fund Spain's "golden century."/ The spanish take gold and silver from the Americas./ The Spanish claim the colonies in the Americas.
The Spanish claim colonies in the Americas./ The Spanish take gold and silver from the Americas./ Gold and Silver fund Spain's "golden century".
Describe the two methods by which Philip II tried to expand Spanish power.
Phillip II tried to expand Spanish power through marriage and war. By marrying into four different European families, he sought to forge new alliances for Spain. He also fought many wars during his reign.
What improvement did Frederick make in Prussia to contribute to his nation's success as a major power?
In addition to gaining terrority for his nation through war and conquest, Frederick also made internal changes. He reformed the government, estabished public schools, and modernized laws. Frederick also improved Prussia's transportation system, including its roads, canals, harbours, and bridges.
Compare the reign of Charles I with that of Charles II.
Charles I ruled England from 1625 to 1649. He did not want to work with Parliament, but rather wished to rule as an absolute monarch. In turn, Parliament wished to place limits on his power. The conflict eventually erupted into civil war and Charles I was tried and executed by Parliament. Charles II, who reigned from 1660 to 1685, was much more careful in his relationship with Parliament. After the execution of his father, he realized that Parliament would not allow absolute monarchy in England. As a result, Charles II tried to work with Parliament, and England enjoyed relative peace during his reign.