Absolutism
An autocratic ruler would outlaw books or ideas and punish their critics, all forms of a policy called
Censorship
Who led the Puritans and Parliament's army to victory in the English Civil War?
Oliver Cromwell
Who wrote the "Wealth of Nations" promoting free enterprise for business, not regulated by the government. This idea is laissez faire
Adam Smith
The group of scholars and thinkers who met in salons in France were called
philosophes
Who Controlled all facets of French society and said "l'etat, c'est moi", gaining the nickname the "Sun King"
Louis XIV
New discoveries from Copernicus, Galileo, Sir Isaac Newton and others were part of the
the Scientific Revolution
This group of people wanted to remove Catholic influence in England.
Puritans
This Enlightenment figure believed that government should be split into separate branches, each with some power over the others
Baron de Montesquieu
What change in government happened after Cromwell's death?
Restoration of the monarchy
What is an absolute monarch?
A monarch who exercises complete control over their kingdom
What was the goal of the Enlightenment?
To apply reason to human behavior and society
What legislative group opposed King Charles I and eventually increased its power in England?
Parliament
What were natural rights according to John Locke?
The right to life, liberty, and property
Voltaire was imprisoned for criticizing a religious leader, which led to him believing in freedom of speech and...
The idea that kings are appointed by God to rule.
The Protestant Reformation led to lots of religious wars like the 30 Years war. The Protestant Reformation was started by....
Martin Luther
What did William and Mary from the Netherlands have to sign to gain the throne after overthrowing James II?
The English Bill of Rights
This Enlightenment philosopher argued that women should have the same rights and equality as men in areas like education, jobs, and marriage.
Mary Wollstonecraft
The belief that God was not involved in human activities was called
Deism
Some monarchs adopted new ideas about religious freedom and education to reform their governments so they could stay in power. They are callled
Enlightened Despots
The belief that humans can achieve great things and should not just focus on the afterlife was called
Humanism
John Locke defended the Glorious Revolution with his writing on natural rights. Thomas Jefferson later used those ideas in his famous
Declaration of Independence
What does Jean-Jacques Rousseau think the role of the government is?
To follow the general will, the will of the majority
How does Hobbes describe people?
"poor, nasty, brutish, and short"