Rise of European Powers
Which European country expanded by conquest and inheritance, ruling over Spain, Austria, the Netherlands, and parts of Italy?
Spain
What type of government was established in England after the Glorious Revolution?
Constitutional monarchy
What movement encouraged the use of reason and logic to understand government and society?
What war was started in part due to King George III’s policies and taxation?
The American Revolution
Who was known as the “Sun King” and ruled France with absolute power?
Louis XIV
What type of monarchy did Louis XIV establish in France to strengthen royal authority?
Centralized monarchy
Who was condemned to death in 1793, marking the end of absolute monarchy in France?
King Louis XVI
Which document, influenced by Enlightenment ideas, stated that all men had equal political rights in France? (The Declaration of the Rights of Man)
The Declaration of the Rights of Man
What event, led by Robespierre, targeted enemies of the revolution and resulted in mass executions?
The Reign of Terror
What English king rejected Enlightenment ideas and enforced policies that led to the American Revolution?
King George III
After the Thirty Years’ War, which two countries emerged as dominant European powers?
Austria and Prussia
What was the ruling government of France between 1795 and 1799, known for its corruption?
The Directory
How did the Scientific Revolution influence the Enlightenment?
It encouraged reason and logic in understanding government and economics
How did Napoleon’s conquests affect nationalism in Europe?
They increased French nationalism but also inspired nationalist movements in conquered nations.
Who became ruler of France in 1799 after overthrowing the weak Directory?
Napoleon Bonaparte
Which Russian ruler focused on opening new sea trade routes to Europe?
Peter the Great
What was the main reason American colonists protested British taxation?
Taxation without representation
Which Enlightenment thinker is best known for promoting natural rights and the idea that government should protect them?
JOHN LOCKE
What event involved colonial resistance against British taxation and led to the dumping of tea into Boston Harbor?
The Boston Tea Party
Which Russian ruler expanded the empire and continued Peter the Great’s modernization efforts?
Catherine the Great
What was the name of the economic policy that Spain relied on to benefit from its American colonies?
Mercantilism
What was the name of the meeting where European powers sought to prevent France from becoming too powerful again after Napoleon’s defeat?
The Congress of Vienna
Which two revolutions were heavily inspired by Enlightenment ideas?
The American Revolution and the French Revolution
What was one reason nobles opposed the Reign of Terror?
They feared execution and wanted to restore the monarchy
What did Louis XIV mean when he said, “L’État, c’est moi”?
“I am the state,” meaning he had absolute power