French Revolutio
England became a CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY, what is that?
Where the monarchs power was LIMITED.
What is ABSOLUTE ROLE?
Where monarchs held TOTAL CONTROL, also known as ABSOLUTISM.
What is the scientific revolution?
A period when Europeans began to challenge long-held beliefs.
What was the Enlightenment.
an intellectual movement centered on reason,logic, and natural laws.
If Ideas about rights and limits on power spread, how did governments respond?
The government made the English Bill of Rights.
In France, what led to revolution?
DEBT and TAXATION ON PEASANTS
What is the DIVINE RIGHT?
The belief that kings and queens received authority DIRECTLY FROM GOD.
Who introduced the Heliocentric Model?
Nicolaus Copernicus
What did John Locke people were born with?
Natural Rights.
What happens when Enlightenment ideas collide with inequality and economic hardship?
It created deep hatred toward the Monarchy
Spreading revolutionary principles through MILITARY CONQUEST.
How did Louis XIV of France embody absolutism.
He expanded his nations through COSTLY WARS.
Who made the telescope?
Galileo Gelilei
What did Voltair defend?
What was the reign of terror?
A series of guillotine executions for tyranny monarchs.
What was Oliver Cromwell's nickname?
Lord Protector
What was the bankrupt government due to?
financial troubles.
What was gained through observation and experimentation?
promoted knowledge
what did THOMAS HOBBES describe government as?
He described government as a social contract, an agreement between rulers and the governed.
What happens when all power is placed in the hands of one ruler?
It is called absolutism
What did the Napoleonic Code do?
It promoted equality and fair taxation.
What were enlightened despots?
Monarchs attempting to modernize their rule by adopting Enlightenment ideas while keeping absolute authority.
What did Europeans begin to question as scientific discoveries reshaped understanding?
Religious authority
What is the Neoclassical Style?
If rulers claims absolute authority, why did people begin to question everything they were taught?
Because things might have been wrong, and it weakened blind faith and encouraged a new reliance on reason.