Absolutism
Who is Louis XIV?
The King of France known as the "Sun King" who ruled for over 70 years and exemplified absolute monarchy.
What is the Enlightenment?
An intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority.
Who was Peter the Great?
The Tsar of Russia credited with modernizing and expanding the Russian Empire.
Who is Ptolemy?
A Greek astronomer known for developing the geocentric theory, which states that the Earth is the center of the universe.
What is the legacy of absolutism?
The establishment of centralized governments that influenced modern nation-states.
What is absolutism?
A political system where a single ruler has complete control over the government and is not bound by laws or a constitution.
Who is John Locke?
An Enlightenment philosopher who argued for natural rights and the social contract.
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
An English philosopher known for his work on political philosophy, particularly in "Leviathan."
What is the geocentric theory?
The belief that the Earth is the center of the universe, a view supported by the Catholic Church until challenged by later astronomers.
Name one way Enlightenment ideas spread?
Through printed materials like books and pamphlets.
What are divine right theories?
The belief that monarchs derive their authority directly from God.
What is social contract theory?
The idea that individuals consent to form a government that will protect their rights in exchange for some of their freedoms.
Name one philosopher who influenced the Enlightenment.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Who proposed the heliocentric theory?
Nicolaus Copernicus, who argued that the stars and planets revolve around the sun.
How did absolutism influence modern governments?
It led to discussions about constitutional limits on power.
Name one characteristic of an absolute monarchy.
Centralization of power in the hands of the monarch.
Name one impact of the Enlightenment on government.
The promotion of democratic principles and the idea of government by consent.
What did Montesquieu advocate for?
The separation of powers in government.
Who discovered the three laws of planetary motion?
ohann Kepler, who formulated laws that describe the movements of planets around the sun.
What was the outcome of the French Revolution?
The end of absolute monarchy in France and the establishment of a republic.
Who wrote "Leviathan"?
Thomas Hobbes.
Who is Voltaire?
A prominent Enlightenment thinker known for his advocacy of freedom of speech and religion.
Who is Mary Wollstonecraft?
An advocate for women's rights and author of "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman."
What is Boyle's Law?
The principle that describes how the volume, temperature, and pressure of a gas are related, formulated by Robert Boyle.
What are natural rights?
Rights that people are born with, such as life, liberty, and property, as proposed by John Locke.