Absolute Monarchs
This French king declared, “I am the state.”
Louis XIV
This thinker believed in natural rights: life, liberty, and property.
The idea that people are born with rights that cannot be taken away.
natural rights
This social class made up 98% of the population and paid most of the taxes.
the Third Estate
The storming of this prison became a symbol of revolution.
the Bastille
This Russian ruler modernized Russia and built St. Petersburg.
Peter the Great
This philosopher wrote The Social Contract.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
The belief that a ruler’s authority comes directly from God.
Divine right
France’s king at the start of the Revolution in 1789.
Louis XVI
This execution device became a symbol of the Revolution.
guillotine
This ruler is known as an “enlightened despot” who corresponded with Voltaire and expanded Russian territory.
Catherine the Great
This Enlightenment thinker argued for separation of powers in government.
Montesquieu
The agreement between citizens and their government described by Rousseau.
Social contract
The meeting of all three estates called in 1789.
the Estates-General
This general rose to power after the Revolution and crowned himself emperor.
Napoleon Bonaparte
This palace symbolized the power and wealth of the French absolute monarchy under Louis XIV.
Palace of Versailles
This writer used satire to criticize the Church and French government.
Voltaire
The idea that government powers should be divided into branches.
separation of powers
This expensive war helped cause France’s financial crisis.
the American Revolution
This period was led by Maximilien Robespierre and involved mass executions.
Reign of Terror
This Spanish king ruled during Spain’s Golden Age and strongly supported Catholicism, including backing the Spanish Armada.
Philip II of Spain?
This woman argued that women should have the same educational opportunities as men.
Mary Wollstonecraft
This Enlightenment idea strongly influenced the American and French Revolutions.
popular sovereignty
This document declared the rights of French citizens in 1789.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen?
This group replaced the National Convention before Napoleon took power.
the Directory