Enlightenment Thinkers
This philosopher argued that all people have the natural rights to life, liberty, and property.
Who is John Locke?
He improved the telescope, making significant discoveries about planets, and was tried by the Inquisition for his ideas.
Who is Galileo?
The belief that everyone should have the right to express their opinions publicly without censorship is known as this.
What is freedom of speech?
This theory justifies a monarch’s power as being granted directly by God
What is divine right?
Known as the “Sun King,” this monarch ruled France for over 70 years and built the Palace of Versailles.
Who is Louis XIV
He believed in the separation of powers and influenced the structure of the United States government
Who is Montesquieu?
This theory, proposed by Copernicus and supported by Galileo, states that the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun.
What is the heliocentric model?
Enlightenment thinkers promoted this form of government where power is derived from the consent of the governed.
What is democracy?
This is the belief that a ruler is not subject to any earthly authority, deriving the right to rule directly from a divine source.
What is absolutism?
This Russian ruler westernized his country and built a new capital at St. Petersburg
Who is Peter the Great
This thinker believed that people are naturally good but corrupted by society and wrote The Social Contract.
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
This scientist’s heliocentric model was a pivotal idea that challenged the Church’s geocentric view.
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?
This concept involves different branches of government limiting each other’s power to prevent tyranny.
What are checks and balances?
This king of France claimed absolute authority by saying, “I am the state.”
Who is Louis XIV?
This queen of Russia expanded her empire and was known as an enlightened despot
Who is Catherine the Great?
He wrote The Wealth of Nations and argued for a free-market economy with minimal government intervention.
Who is Adam Smith?
He developed the scientific method, which relies on observation and experimentation
Who is Francis Bacon?
This Enlightenment idea called for the separation of religion from governmental affairs
What is secularism?
He believed monarchs should be feared more than loved and wrote The Prince.
Who is Niccolò Machiavelli?
This Spanish king’s reign marked the height of Spanish power but ended with the defeat of the Spanish Armada.
Who is Philip II?
This philosopher promoted freedom of speech and is famous for saying, “I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”
Who is Voltaire?
This scientist’s laws of motion and gravitation changed the way people understood the physical world.
Who is Isaac Newton?
Enlightenment thinkers argued for this type of economic system, which opposed mercantilism and promoted minimal government interference.
What is laissez-faire?
This type of monarchy limits the ruler’s power by a constitution or legislative body, such as a parliament
What is a Constitutional Monarchy?
This English queen defeated the Spanish Armada and maintained Protestantism in England.
Who is Elizabeth I?