DNA Basics
This molecule is commonly given the abbreviation DNA.
What is deoxyribonucleic acid?
These short fragments of DNA are created on the lagging strand during DNA replication.
What are Okazaki fragment?
This type of enzyme synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.
What is an RNA polymerase?
This organelle, found in the cytoplasm, carries out translation.
What is the ribosome.
This term refers to a chemical or physical agent that increases the rate of DNA mutation.
What is a mutagen?
These two nucleotides are considered purines.
What are adenine and guanine?
This protein is considered the licensing factor in prokaryotes.
What is DnaA?
This specific enzyme is responsible for synthesizing pre-mRNAs in eukaryotes.
What is RNA polymerase II?
This molecule is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
What is tRNA?
This process involves the reciprocal exchange of DNA between two DNA molecules with similar sequences.
What is homologous recombination?
In interrupted genes, these sequences are removed from the primary transcript.
What are introns?
This principle of DNA replication was established through the classic Meselson-Stahl experiment.
What is semiconservative replication?
These DNA sequences position RNA polymerase at the transcription start site and contain the necessary information to initiate transcription.
What are promoters?
These protein factors bind to the small subunit of the ribosome prior to the large subunit joining the complex.
What are initiation factors?
This type of mutation refers to a pyrimidine being swapped for a different pyrimidine or a purine being swapped fora a different purine.
What is a transition?
This intermolecular force is responsible for holding together duplex DNA.
What is hydrogen bonding?
This type of bond is created by DNA polymerase at the active site.
What is a phosphodiester bond?
This protein subunit is required for RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter region in prokaryotes.
What is the sigma factor?
This specific protein factor binds aminoacyl-tRNA in the presence of GTP and brings the aminoacyl-tRNA to the A site of the ribosome.
What is EF-Tu?
These proteins are responsible for resolving Holliday junctions during homologous recombination in E. coli.
What are Ruv proteins?
This type of tightly condensed genetic material is common in centromeric regions.
What is heterochromatin?
This is the specific gene name of the bacterial protein that adds an RNA primer to the beginning of each Okazaki fragment.
What is DnaG?
This temporary structure is formed during splicing when the 5' end of the intron is cleaved and joined to the branch site.
What is a lariat?
This nucleotide sequence located upstream of the start codon is responsible for positioning the ribosome in prokaryotes.
What is the Shine-Dalgarno sequence?
This name is given to the eukaryotic DNA repair mechanism in which stalled RNA polymerase recruits additional proteins that remove and replace the damaged nucleotide.
What is transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair?