Section 1
What is the difference between rock shelter paintings and cave paintings?
Depiction of human figures (except for one found in the Lascaux cave paintings) and the nature of human relationships with animals, especially where humans dominate animals
What are key characteristics of Puritan portrait paintings?
Elizabethan style, focused on religious devotion and wealth
Who was the original creator of The Boston Massacre?
Henry Pelham
Which college did Edmonia Lewis face extensive discrimination and eventually not allowed to graduate from? Where did she go afterwards to find a great community of American women sculptors?
Oberlin College
Rome
What were totem poles used for?
Record ancestry, commemorate historical events, and depict legends.
What is hierarchical scale and fractional representation?
Hierarchical scale is the use of status to determine the size of the figures, usually the King being the largest.
Fractional representation is when the figure is presented so that each body part is shown as clearly as possible (head in profile, torso in full frontal view, and lower body/legs/feet in profile). This dominated Egyptian art for centuries.
At what age did John Singleton Copley take over his step father's studio?
Thirteen
What is the Dusseldorf Style?
Attention to drafting, dynamic compositions, and dramatic lighting
What is one characteristic of Monticello that provided symmetry?
The Palladian style and use of octagons.
What are kivas and what were they used for?
Kivas are circular below ground rooms used for ceremonial purposes and political gatherings.
What Roman advancement allowed builders to fill the spaces between their stone walls, reinforcing the structure and allowing the formation of huge domed buildings?
Roman equivalent to modern concrete
What work first attracted attention for Phillis Wheatley and how did it allow Phillis to develop her career?
An Elegiac Poem, on the death of that celebrated divine and eminent servant of Jesus Christs, the late reverend, and pious George Whitefield (elegy for george whitefield)
Captured audiences in the colonies and Great Britain, which led to Selina Hastings, a wealthy countess in England, to publish Wheatley's work
How did Penn's Treaty with the Indians show Quakerism?
Instead of violence with the natives, Penn instead creates the first legal agreement with them and this is the first time the natives are paid for their land. This promotes a peaceful and civilized relationship with the natives over violence.
What does Forever Free depict about stereotypes regarding men and women and how?
Male aggression and female passivity, which signifies the patriarchal system that gives men more rights than women as the man is shown rising while the woman remains kneeled.
Similar to Edmonia Lewis, Robert Duncanson fled to which city in order to escape racial strife?
Montreal (city in Quebec, Canada)
How did the Reformation and Counter Reformation impact art and architecture?
Protestant Reformation moved away from the richly decorated churches and religious imagery
Counter Reformation emphasized lavish church decoration and dramatic/emotional art
How did The First, Second and Last Scene of Mortality give us insight into the lives of middle class homes?
Depicts an enslaved person taking care of Punderson as an infant, then the progression of her to an adult surrounded by the only materials she can produce art with, and lastly the progression to death and common mourning practices.
How can you identify the Spaniards, the Frenchmen, the Pueblos, and Natives in Segesser II?
The Spaniards are in brown wide brimmed hats, grouped together, and encircled by the enemy
The Frenchmen are depicted in tricorne hats, with blue/reddish brown coats and leggings
The Pueblos are hatless with long hair tied in buns
The Natives are nude or in leggings and moccasins, and are decorated with body paint (vivid horizontal stripes or white with red dots)
What was the public's reaction to Horatio Greenough's George Washington?
Outrage at seeing Washington depicted as a god and criticized for being semi nude (seen as offensive and laughable)
What did Charles Willson Peale open the first of in America?
In 1786 he opened the first natural history museum, which included more than 90 mammals, 700 birds, and 4000 insects
What is the order of the civilizations in Mesopotamia, from first to last?
Sumerians, Akkadian dynasty, Guti tribe, Neo-Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Neo-Babylonian Empire
What did Gilbert Stuart nickname the Athenaeum portrait and why?
100 dollar bills
Refused to finish the portrait so he could copy it more than 60 times and charged 100 dollars for each copy
What Biblical scenes/people are depicted in The Pictorial Quilt?
Adam and Eve, Jonah and the Whale, Job, Moses, John baptizing Christ, and the Crucifixion.
What is the order of the 3 architects of the capitol and what did they contribute to the capitol?
Dr. William Thornton provided foundational neoclassical temple model, rectangular wings for House of Representatives and Senate
Benjamin Henry Latrobe provided Corinthian columns in the front, grand staircase inside, and large illuminated domed interior spaces
Charles Bullfinch provided the monumental dome at the top of the building
What did Peale invent in order to assist with the digging of the Mastodon?
He utilized a large water wheel, which powered a pulley system that helped lower the water level and make it easier to retrieve the bones