Earth & Space Science
What causes the length of a year to be different on other planets?
The time it takes for a planet to orbit the Sun.
What process breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their composition?
Weathering.
How does overuse of groundwater affect the environment?
It can cause land to sink (subsidence) and reduce water availability.
What tool is used to measure wind speed?
An anemometer.
What causes hurricanes to form over the ocean?
Warm ocean water provides energy, causing strong storms to develop.
What would happen to Earth's tides if the Moon were much farther away?
The tides would be weaker because the Moon's gravitational pull would decrease.
Why do earthquakes occur at fault lines?
Stress builds up in Earth's crust until it is released as seismic energy.
Name one natural process that changes Earth’s climate.
Volcanic eruptions, solar radiation, or the greenhouse effect.
Why is it important to have a control group in an experiment?
To compare results and determine if changes are due to the independent variable.
What does a high-pressure system usually bring?
Clear skies and fair weather.
Why do eclipses not happen every month?
The Moon's orbit is tilted relative to Earth's orbit around the Sun.
Which event occurs at a transform boundary?
Earthquakes
What is a renewable resource, and give an example?
A resource that can be naturally replenished, such as solar energy or wind power.
What type of graph is best for showing how temperature changes over time?
A line graph or a bar graph.
Why do temperatures decrease as altitude increases in the troposphere?
The air pressure is lower, causing the air to cool.
What is the primary reason for Earth's seasons?
The tilt of Earth’s axis as it orbits the Sun.
What evidence supports the theory of continental drift?
Matching fossils, rock formations, and continent shapes.
How do fossil fuels impact the environment?
They release carbon dioxide, contributing to climate change.
How can scientists ensure an experiment is fair?
By keeping all variables the same except for the one being tested.
What is one way ocean currents affect climate?
They distribute heat around the planet, affecting regional temperatures.
What is the difference between a solar and a lunar eclipse?
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon blocks the Sun, and a lunar eclipse occurs when Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon.
How does sedimentary rock provide clues about Earth’s past?
It contains fossils and layers that show changes over time.
How does the removal of wetlands affect ecosystems?
It reduces natural water filtration and increases flooding risks.
Why do scientists repeat experiments multiple times?
To ensure accuracy and reliability of the results.
How does the greenhouse effect keep Earth warm?
Certain gases trap heat in the atmosphere, preventing it from escaping into space.