Biochemistry
The zig-zag lines represent carbon atoms.
Hydrogens are removed completely.
All other atoms stay.
Why are cells so small?
They need to have a high surface-area-to-volume ratio. Extra- what does this mean for the cell?
What are organelles?
Subcellular structures that have one or more functions to perform within a cell
What is the main component of the plasma membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer.
Name four functional groups.
Carboxyl, Carbonyl, Methyl, Amino, Phosphate, Hydroxyl
Name the four main macromolecules that dictate how all life functions work.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Name five common organelles.
Mr. Johnson can vouch. Best teacher ever!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Name five organelles.
Mr Johnson can vouch if five were given. Best teacher ever!
What part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic? Which is hydrophilic?
The fatty acid tails are hydrophobic whereas the phosphate group and its attachments make hydrophilic heads.
What is the difference between a monomer and polymer?
Monomers are basic units of macromolecules.
Polymers are many monomers combined to form large structures.
What are all (life related) molecules mostly made of and name three more essential elements.
All molecules are mostly made of carbon. Essential elements include nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur.
Simple, single-celled lifeforms. (bacteria, archaea)
Smallest cells
No nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
They package and modify proteins. They also add carbohydrates that signal the destination of proteins and make lysosomes.
Explain what transport and junction proteins are.
Transport proteins move molecules across the membrane through channels and carriers.
Junction proteins bind two cells together allowing the formation of body tissues and rogans.
Explain dehydration synthesis.
The creation of a large molecule from smaller monomers where water is released.
What are proteins made from and joined together by?
Describe two of the three - Flagella, Fimbriae, Pili
Flagella is a large tail-like structure that rotates 360 degrees like a propeller.
Fimbriae have small bristles that help prokaryotes stick to one another and surfaces
Pili are small tubules made of proteins which are used to pass DNA between prokaryotes
What is a centrosome?
Exists in ONLY animal cells. It combines two centrioles. What it does, is replicate before cell production and makes spindle fibers that pull apart cells at the end of replication.
Explain receptors, enzymatic, and glycoproteins.
Receptors interact with molecules outside the cell and detect foreign/friendly cells.
Enzymatic proteins interact with molecules inside the cell and carry out reactions at the surface of the cell.
Glycoproteins are proteins with the cell's "signature" or in other words, proteins that have the ability to identify specific cells.