Liver
Approximately how big is your liver, and what color is it?
Reddish brown, as big as a football, weighs 3 lbs.
Can you live without your spleen?
What type of organ is the pancreas?
A gland organ
What does your gallbladder do?
Stores Bile
Answers may vary
hypoglycemia
low blood sugar
hypo-low
glyc-sugar
emia - blood
Where is your liver located? Should you be able to feel it? Why/Why not?
Right side of your body, upper right quadrant, up under your ribcage. You should not be able to feel it?
Why is the surgery on the spleen so common?
Very susceptible to ruptures, caused by traumatic injuries of the abdomen or penetrating injuries.
How big is the pancreas?
6-8 inches long
Where is your gallbladder located? Be specific?
The gallbladder sits under the liver, along with parts of the pancreas and intestines.
surgical removal of something within the body - what is the root for this?
ectomy is the surgical removal of something out of the body
What is insulin? What is it produced by?
The pancreas also produces the hormone insulin and secretes it into the bloodstream, where it regulates the body's glucose or sugar level.
The main jobs of of your liver are...
Cleaning your blood, storing energy, making bile, and balancing cholesterol levels.
Where is the spleen located?
The upper left quadrant, between ribs 9 and 11
How does the pancreas work?
Enzymes, or digestive juices, are secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine.
There, it continues breaking down food that has left the stomach.
What should your gallbladder look like before/after a meal? Be specific?
After meals, the gallbladder is empty and flat, like a deflated balloon.
Before a meal, the gallbladder may be full of bile and about the size of a small pear.
How does a living donor situation work when donation of a liver occurs?
A portion/lobe of a liver can be donated by a living donor. It will grow back within a few months.
Pancreatalgia
Pain in the pancreas
Pancreat - pancreas
algia - pain
What are 4-5 different causes of liver failure?
Causes of liver damage include excessive alcohol consumption, medications, viral infections, and autoimmune and genetic conditions.
Hematopoietic - what does this mean?
To make blood
Explain endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas.
The pancreas has an endocrine function because it releases juices directly into the bloodstream.
It also has an exocrine function because it releases juices into ducts.
What are gallstones?
Gallstones are stones or lumps that develop in the gallbladder or bile duct when certain substances harden.
What is glucose vs what is glycogen?
Glucose is the main source of energy for all of the cells in your body and is stored in the liver. Glucose that's being stored in the liver for later use is called glycogen.
Hepatorrhaphy
Surgical repair and suturing of the liver
Hepat/o- means “liver
-rrhaphy is surgical suturing
Name and explain 3 illnesses of the liver we discussed in class.
Hepatitis A
Cause: eating/drinking something tainted by fecal matter
Resolves within 6 months
Hepatitis B
Cause: caught from someone else
If it lasts longer than 6 months, you are more likely to get liver cancer or other diseases
Hepatitis C
Cause: Infected blood that gets into your blood
Symptoms may not show for many years
2. Cirrhosis
Scarring caused by disease or alcoholism, drug overdose (prescription or non)
3. Liver cancer
4. Liver failure
5. Ascites - Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity - common during liver failure, symptom that a transplant is a necessity.
6. Gallstones
7. Fatty Liver - Unhealthy Eating
8. Inherited Liver Disease - Hemochromatosis, Hyperoxaluria, Wilson’s disease, Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
4 Functions
What 2 functions of the spleen continue your entire lives?
What 2 functions of the spleen are only during the stage of fetal development?
Filtration of the blood (life)
immunological or defense (life)
a blood reserve (fetal)
Hematopoietic - to make blood. (fetal)
Describe the 3 Types of diabetes we talked about in class.
Diabetes Mellitus
Type I - immune system attacks insulin making cells
Type II - most common; doesnt make enough insulin; glucose can’t get into the cells so stays in the blood
Gestational - happens during pregnancy; goes away once the baby is born; pancreas can’t make enough insulin.
How does the gallbladder work? Be specific?
The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver.
In response to signals, the gallbladder squeezes stored bile into the small intestine through a series of tubes called ducts.
Bile helps digest fats
hepatectomy vs hepatorrhaphy
what organ are they discussing?
explain the difference between the two.
The liver
hepatectomy is the removal of all or part of the liver
hepatorrhaphy is the surgical repair or suturing of the liver.
Choledocholithotomy
an incision into the common bile duct in order to remove a stone.
Chole- means “bile”
Choledoch - means common bile duct
-lith - means stone
- otomy - means to cut or incise into something