Mendelian Genetics
Pedigree Analysis
Probability
Meiosis and Mitosis
Reproduction and Lifecycles
Types of Inheritance
Diseases and Genes (2x Points)
100
A cross between two individuals heterozygous for one gene.
What is a monohybrid cross?
100
In a pedigree, this inheritance pattern is suspected when more males than females are affected, the trait often skips generations, and affected sons can be born to carrier mothers who show no symptoms.
What is X-linked recessive?
100
In a cross between Aa × Aa, what is the probability the offspring will be heterozygous?
What is 1/2?
100
What phase of cell division does this picture represent:
What is Metaphase I of Meiosis I/
100
The only source of genetic variation for asexual reproduction.
What are mutations?
100
An organism that consistently passes down the same version of a trait when self-fertilized or crossed with another of the same kind is described by this term.
What is true-breeding?
100
This X-linked recessive disorder primarily affects males, causing blood clots, and is caused by mutations in the F8 (VIII) gene.
What is Hemophilia A?
200
This Mendelian law states that the two alleles for each character separate during gamete production and are reunited by fertilization.
What is the Law of Segregation?
200
This pattern of inheritance results in all daughters (but no sons) of an affected father inheriting the trait, assuming the mother is unaffected.
What is X-linked dominant?
200
A rare, X-linked recessive disease is prevalent in a family. A carrier mother has a son with a non-affected man. What is the probability of that son having the disease?
What is 50%?
200
The phase(s) in cell division where sister chromatids separate (two answers).
What is Anaphase II of Meiosis II and Anaphase of Mitosis?
200
The number of chromosomes, in humans, that are lined up on the metaphase plate of Meiosis II.
What are 23 chromosomes?
200
This type of inheritance explains why traits like skin color and height show a continuous range of variation and are influenced by many genes.
What is polygenic inheritance?
200
This autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder is caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion.
What is Huntington’s Disease?
300
This Mendelian Law states that the segregation of alleles into gametes for one trait is independent of the segregation of alleles for a second trait.
What is the Law of Independent Assortment?
300
The genotype of individual II-2 in this pedigree (Use "A" or "XA" for the allele associated:
What is XA Xa?
300
A dominant X-linked trait is found within a family. An affected father has children with a non-affected mother, what is the probability of having a child who is a carrier?
0%, dominant traits cannot have carriers
300
The process of synapsis forms this chromosomal structure.
What is a tetrad?
300
After fertilization, the zygote begins this type of cell division to develop into a multicellular organism.
What is mitosis?
300
A red cow is crossed with a white cow, and the offspring have both red and white hairs. What type of inheritance is this, where both alleles are fully expressed?
What is co-dominance?
300
Mutations in these two genes significantly increase a person's risk for breast and ovarian cancer.
What are BRCA1 and BRCA2?
400
The ratio produced from a dihybrid cross across 16 possibilities.
What is 9:3:3:1?
400
Assuming this is an autosomal recessive disease, if individuals I-1 and I-2 had a fourth child, this is the probability that the child would have the disease.
What is 50%?
400
Two AaBb individuals are crossed. What is the probability their offspring will be either AABB or AaBb?
What is 1/16 + 1/4 = 5/16?
400
The number of chromosomes, in humans, that are lined up on the metaphase plate of mitosis.
What are 46 chromosomes?
400
This is the number of possible gametes in a human produced during meiosis.
What is 2^23 or 8 Million?
400
In snapdragons, a red-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant, producing pink offspring. What type of inheritance causes this intermediate phenotype?
What is incomplete dominance?
400
This genetic condition results from a trisomy caused by nondisjunction, most commonly involving chromosome 21.
What is Down Syndrome?
500
A cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual, used to reveal the unknown genotype.
What is a test cross?
500
This is the probability that individuals I-1 and I-2 will have an affected son.
What is 100%?
500
Two individuals with genotype AaBbCcDd are crossed. What is the probability their offspring will have either the genotype AABBCCDD or the genotype AaBbCcDd?
What is 1/256 + 1/16 = 17/256?
500
An individual has the genotype AaBbCc, where all genes are on different chromosomes (unlinked). What are all the possible unique gametes this individual can produce?
What are: ABC, ABc, AbC, Abc, aBC, aBc, abC, abc
(Total = 8 gametes)
500
In organisms with this type of life cycle, the only diploid stage is the zygote, which immediately undergoes meiosis.
What is a haplontic lifecycle?
500
This theory, associated with Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, suggested that a blacksmith’s muscular arms could be passed on to his children.
What is the inheritance of acquired characteristics?
500
The three possible outcomes of a genetic test:
What are:
No mutation or a benign mutation detected
Identification of mutation known to cause disease
Identification of variant of uncertain significance (VUS)