Key Terms
Normal values
Physiology
Alterations in Acid-Base Balance
Potpourri
100
pH below 7.35
Acidosis
p. 4
100
7.35 to 7.45
pH
p. 3
100
Critical to homeostasis and optimal cellular function.
Normal acid-base balance
p. 4
100
Results from abnormal bicarbonate loss or excess of nonvolatile acids in the body?
Metabolic Acidosis
p. 4 and 5
100
You may notice a decreased LOC, irritability and altered mental status or impaired memory and/or personality changes - What is the concept
Cognition.
p. 7
200
pH above 7.45
Alkalosis
p. 4
200
75-100 mmHg (book says 80 to 100 mmHg)
PaO2
p. 10
200
Substances that prevent major changes in pH?
Buffer systems:
p. 4
200
Excess of bicarbonate in relation to amount of hydrogen ions
Metabolic Alkalosis
p. 5
200
Identify patients at risk for acid-base imbalances.
Diabetes, Crohn's disease, Chronic kidney disease, chronic lung disease.
p. 7
300
Reflects acid-base balance through out the entire body and is the gold standard for assessment.
Arterial Blood Gasses (ABG's)
p. 9
300
35 to 45 mmHg
PaCO2
(Carbon dioxide)
p.10
300
Name the three major buffer systems.
Bicarbonate-Carbonic acid
Phosphate Buffer system
Protein Buffers
300
Primary change is in concentration of carbonic acid and CO2 is retained.
Respiratory Acidosis
p. 5
300
patients may experience respiratory distress may require intubation or a hypoxemic patient may require supplemental oxygen.
Airway Management
p. 12
400
paO2 level <80 mmHg
Hypoxemia
p. 10
400
24 to 28 MeQ/l
HCO3
(bicarbonate)
p. 10
400
Regulates carbonic acid by eliminate or retaining CO2.
Patients with chronic lung disease may have high serum CO2 levels
The respiratory system
p. 4
400
Primary change is in concentration of carbonic acid, CO2 is lost.
Respiratory Alkalosis
p. 5
400
Name some ways that we can promote health within our patients.
Maintain fluid balance, monitor chronic conditions, Nursing focused is on patient teaching related to nutrition and adherence to prescribed medications and treatment regimens.
p. 7
500
Allen test: to measure ulnar patency
p. 9
500
-3 to +3
Base Excess (BE)
p. 10
500
Responsible for long term acid-base regulation.
Renal System
p. 4
500
Name the risk factors for acid-base imbalance.
Critically ill, Hydration status, chronic conditions
p. 6 for the table
p. 7
500
Name the independent interventions a nurse can do when it relates to acid-base imbalances.
Thorough patient history, daily weight, I/O, Assessment of respiratory and renal function, Maintain patient airway, Vital signs, O2 saturation, Assessing LOC and neurological status, Prompt reporting of changes in condition.
p. 11