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pH
Acid
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CO2
100
normal blood ph range
7.35-7.45
100
strong acid
acid that dissociates 100% into ions in water
100
pH above this amount is alkalosis
What is 7.45
100
buffer systems found in the body
extracellular, intracellular, respiratory mechanisms (lungs), renal mechanisms (kidneys)
100
what is the overall % of CO2 dissolved in plasma
11%
200

acidosis (acidemia)

high hydrogen ion concentration/ when blood ph is less than 7.35

200
weak acid
acid that gives up H+ less readily
200
pH below this amount is acidosis
What is 7.35
200
the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system is regulated by what two organs
1) lungs 2) kidneys
200
what is the % breakdown of CO2 dissolved in plasma
1) 1% bound to free amino groups of plasma proteins (albumin) 2) 5% converted to HCO3/H2CO3 3) 5 % dissolved in plasma
300
alkalosis (alkalemia)
low hydrogen ion concentration/ when blood ph is greater than 7.45
300
when a strong acid is added to a buffer what type of solution will it yield
weak acid
300
buffer
solution of weak acids or bases and their associated salts (conjugated acids or bases), resist changes in ph
300
the respiratory center located in the brain stem responds to these two components of the acid-base balance system:
components: CO2 and H+
300
what is the overall % of CO2 that goes into an RBC
89%
400
what is the ratio of HCO3 to H2CO3 in a healthy individual
20:1
400
the amount of acid/base produced and absorbed must equal what
amount of acid/base excreted and expired
400
Prolonged vomiting in which only the stomach contents ar lost will lead to this
What is metabolic alkalosis
400
Diabetes Mellitus, in which fatty acids are converted to ketone bodies leads to this
What is metabolic acidosis
400
Obstructed airways lead to this
What is respiratory acidosis
500
components of Henderson-Hasselbach equation
1) pKa= -log (dissociation constant) 2) HCO3 represents contribution from kidneys 3) H2CO3 represents contribution from the lungs
500
Ka
dissociation constant; determines if an acid is either strong or weak
500
Hyperventilation leads to this
What is respiratory alkalosis
500
Prolonged diarrhea in which intestinal secretions are lost excessively leads to this
What is metabolic acidosis
500
21% of CO2 binds to what component in the RBC
hemoglobin (hb)