Metal oxides, metal hydroxides, and metal carbonates are all examples of _______
bases
What does the sign of a skull and crossbones tell you?
The substance is TOXIC
Name two substances that have a neutral pH?
water and milk
What is used to measure pH values?
Universal indicator
What does corrosive mean and what type of substances are corrosive?
damages other materials by wearing them away, used to describe strong acids
_____ are often called neutralisers or antacids.
What does the sign with a big X and little i tell you?
The substance is an IRRITANT, which means it would bother or inflame your skin and/or eyes.
If a substance has a pH of 9, is acid or alkali, weak or strong? And what color?
Alkali, weak, blue
What is neutralization?
a chemical reaction where an acid and a base react with each other and weaken each other + produces SALT and WATER
What should you do before mixing chemicals or measuring pH levels?
Follow safety measures - wear gloves, goggles, protective clothing
What is the difference between alkalis and bases?
All alkalis are bases but NOT all bases are alkalis.
Bases are substances that react with an acid to produce salt and water.
Alkalis are bases that can be dissolved in water.
What does the sign with a big X and small h mean?
The substance is HARMFUL
If a substance has a pH of 3, is acid or alkali, weak or strong? And what color?
Acid, strong, red
What do we call any compound formed by the neutralization of an acid by a base?
a salt
Alkalis are said to be __________ because they can burn and damage other materials.
caustic (similar to being corrosive for acids)
How do we test for the present of the gas hydrogen (produced by acid + metal)?
Use the pop (squeaky) test --> lighted splint put in test tube and if gas is present it POPS
What does a sign with a liquid dropping on and burning materials mean?
The substance is CORROSIVE.
Litmus test or limewater - what are these used for?
LITMUS paper - to test whether solution is acid or alkali
LIMEWATER - if limewater goes from clear to milky indicates carbon dioxide is present
How are salts named? (hint - has 2 parts)
First part: the metal, metal oxide, or metal carbonate
Second part: from the acid
EXAMPLE: Copper chloride, Sodium chloride, Zinc sulfate
(Neutralisation) Acid + Alkali = ?
Acid + Metal Oxide = ?
salt + water
salt + hydrogen
What does a sign with a flame mean?
The substance is FLAMMABLE - can easily be set on fire.
What is acid rain?
Rainwater that is more acidic than normal.
What do these salts end with? Nitric acid --> ____?, Hydrochloric acid --> ______?, Sulfuric acid --> ___?
Nitric acid --> NITRATE
Hydrochloric acid --> CHLORIDE
Sulfuric acid --> SULFATE
Acid + metal carbonate = ?
CLUE - CARBONATE--> ?
salt + water + carbon dioxide