Definition
What is the Lewis definition of Acid and Base?
Acid is electron deficient, therefore accepting a pair of electrons from base
Base is electron sufficient, therefore donating a pair of electrons to acid
What do acids and bases taste like?
Acids taste sour and bases taste bitter
How does acid rain affect nature?
Acid rain has a pH range of 2-4. It is so acidic that it can dissolve minerals and nutrients in the soil, affecting the growth of trees. Those include Magnesium, Calcium and Potassium.
Acid rain can also affects the survival of certain species living in lakes and rivers. Some species such as freshwater shrimps, snails, mussels are the first to decline, and the eggs and young fishes are affected the worst because the acidity.
What is the range of pH of an acid?
What is the pH of a neutral substance?
What is the range of pH of a base?
Acid has a range of pH of 0-6.9
A neutral substance has a pH of 7
Base has a range of pH of 7.1-14
What is the equation to calculate molarity?
Molarity = moles / liters
What is the definition of Acid and Base according to the Lowry-Bronsted theory?
Acid is a proton donor
Base is a proton acceptor
Are acids good or bad electricity conductors?
Are bases good or bad electricity conductors?
Acids are good electricity conductors because they are electrolytes
Bases are good electricity conductors ONLY when they are in aqueous solutions because they are also electrolytes
How does acid rain affect the health of humans?
Since acid rain is composed of air pollutants including sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, humans can breathe in these tiny particles into the lungs. These air pollutants can cause and worsen respiratory diseases such as asthma, pneumonia and chronic bronchitis.
True/False:
Acids have a higher concentration of hydrogen ions than bases.
True
What is the equation to calculate dilutions?
Molarity x Volume = Molarity x Volume
M1V1 = M2V2
What is the definition of Acid and Base according to the Arrhenius theory?
Acid generates H+ ions in a solution
Base produces an OH– ion in a solution
What do acids and bases yield after reacting with metals like Zinc?
Acids reacting with active metals would produce Hydrogen gas
i.e. Zn(s)+H2SO4(aq)→ZnSO4(aq)+H2(g)
Meanwhile, bases do not react with metalsIs it safe to consume weak acids with a pH > 4, such as acetic acid?
Acids are corrosive in nature. Strong acids would cause chemical burns, but weak acids such as acetic acids found in salad dressings and sauces are safe to consume in small concentrations. However, if weak acids are consumed in higher concentrations, they can also be harmful to the lining of the digestive system if ingested, causing pain, inflammation, vomiting and diarrhea.
What is the equation to calculate pH?
pH = - log [H+]
When would the indicator change color during a HCl-NaOH titration?
When the amount of [OH-] in NaOH is the same as the amount of [H+] in HCl, the indicator will change color.
How to determine if a solution is acidic or basic?
Use blue litmus paper for acids
Use red litmus paper for bases
What does an acid produce when it is reacted with a base?
What does a base produce when it is reacted with an acid?
Salt and water
i.e. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Why is it not recommended to use cleaning ammonia without gloves?
Bases are corrosive in nature. Strong bases would cause chemical burns, while weak bases such as ammonia are also harmful to our skin and subcutaneous tissues. Ammonia can react with oils on skin and cause irritation. Cleaning ammonia can also damage eyes and nose in exposed to high levels.
How to convert from pH to pOH?
Use this equation:
pH + pOH = 14
How many grams of 20mL NaOH do we need to titrate 50.0mL of 0.600M HCl?
Hint: Molar mass of NaOH is 40g/mol
Use the following equations:
Step 1: Find the Molarity of NaOH using M1V1 = M2V2
Step 2: Convert the Molarity of NaOH to moles to grams using the molar mass
Answer: 1.2g NaOH
Using the litmus paper, what color does it change to when it is in contact with an acidic solution?
Using the litmus paper, what color does it change to when it is in contact with a basic solution?
The blue litmus paper will turn red in an acidic solution.
The red litmus paper will turn blue in a basic solution.
Give 3 examples of acids and bases in our daily life?
Acids:
1. Vinegar - acetic acid
2. Batteries - sulphuric acid
3. Coca Cola - phosphorus acid
4. Explosives, dyes, paints, and fertilizers - sulphuric acid, nitiric acid
Bases
1. Soap - NaOH
2. Paper - NaOH
3. Laxative - Mg(OH)2
4. Rayon, bleaching powder, antacid, lime, etc.
Why is it recommended to use bleach in a well-ventilated area?
Bleach is a strong base with a pH range of 11-13, meaning that it is corrosive in nature. Therefore, when we are cleaning with bleach, we often dilute it before use. If bleach is inhaled in a poorly-ventilated area or ingested, it can irritate the mucous membrane in our eyes, nose, mouth, and lungs. For people who are sensitive to respiratory irritants such as asthma patients, it is recommended to wear face masks, protective eyeglasses, and gloves when using bleach.
What is the average pH of vinegar?
What is the concentration of HCl if 0.5L of 0.0200M NaOH is required to titrate 50.0mL of the HCl solution?
Use the equation M1V1 = M2V2 to find the original HCl concentration before titration.
(0.5L)(0.0200M) = (50mL)(? M)
The answer is 0.2M (Don't forget to change the units from mL to L during the calculation)