Acids and Bases

Properties of Acids

100

Examples of acid

citrus, coffee, HCl, acetic acid (vinegar)

200

Taste

Sour

300

Chemical formula

Begins with H⁺

400

Protons

Donated

500

Litmus paper

Red

Properties of Bases

100

Taste

Bitter

200

Examples of bases

Ammonia, Baking soda, Sodium Hydroxide

300

Chemical Formula

Ends in OH^-

400

Protons

Accepted

500

Litmus paper

Blue

pH Scale & Calculations

100

Low ph

Acid

200

pH + pOH =

14

300

Higher concentration of [H⁺] than [OH^-]

Acid

400

pH measures

Hydrogen ion concentration

500

The pH of something with a large [OH^-]

Strong base

Weak or strong

100

Conducts electricity poorly

Weak acid or weak base

200

Close to a pH of 7

Weak acid/base

300

Equal concentrations of [OH^-] and [H⁺]

Neutral / pH 7

400

Receives a lot of H⁺ ions

Strong base

500

More dissociation

Stronger acid or base

Misc.

100

What happens when you add NaOH to H₂O

Raises the pH

200

Creates salt and water

Neutralization reaction

300

Acts as the base in the following: 

HI (aq) + H₂O(l) --> I-(aq) + H₃O+

H₂O

400

pH of a solution with a [H⁺] of 3.0 X 10^-2

1.5

500

Substances such as water, which can act as an acid or base is called 

amphoteric