Naming Acids
Acids always start with an _____
H
Acids taste _____ while bases taste ______
sour, bitter
What ion concentrations do we look at to find the pH of a substance?
H+ and OH-
Complete the sentence
Neutralization is when an acid and base react to produce
a salt and water
What is an indicator in chemistry?
A chemical used to identify specific properties or compounds
If the name of an acid starts with hydro, it is a _______ acid.
What type of acid is it?
Binary
Litmus paper turns red for an ______ and blue for a _______.
acid, base
Complete the sentence.
As the concentration of H+ increases, pH ________.
pH decreases
The _____ from the acid and the _____ from the base combine to form water (H2O) in a neutralization reaction.
H+ and OH-
Name one indicator
Phenolphthalein, bromothymol blue, universal indicator
Name H2SO4
Oxyacid - has oxygen
Name the compound - sulfate
-ate ending changes to -ic acid
sulfuric acid
This substance can dissolve metals
acid
What is the pH? Is it a strong acid, weak acid, strong base or weak base?
[OH-]= 1x10-6 M
pH = 8, weak base
Sr(OH)2 + 2 HI ---> SrI2 + 2 H2O
Identify the acid, base, water and salt
Sr(OH)2 - base
HI - acid
SrI2 - salt
H2O - water
Describe how a specific indicator works
(ex. _____ indicator changes acids to ____)
Phenolphthalein - acids: clear, Neutral: clear, bases: pink
Bromothymol blue - acids: yellow, neutral: green, bases: blue
Universal indicator - acids: red to yellow, neutral: green, bases: blue to purple
Name H3PO3
Oxyacid - has oxygen
Name the compound PO3 - phosphite
-ite ending changes to -ous acid
Phosphorous acid
Are these acids or bases?
Ammonia (NH3)
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
Bases
As concentration of Ca(OH)2 decreases, what happens to the pH?
Concentration vs pH of Ca(OH)2
0.05 M solution - pH = 13
0.0031 M solution - pH = 11.7
pH also decreases
You take a substance with a pH of 12 and add water to it. You retest the pH and see that it is now 10.
As you add water to the substance, what is the pH getting closer to?
7 or neutral
An unknown substance is tested to figure out whether it is an acid, base or neutral. Here is the data:
Phenolphthalein: clear
BB: green
Universal: green
What is it?
Neutral
Name and Explain why and how HBr and HBRO3 are different
Hydrobromic acid - binary acid (2 elements) - hydrogen and bromine
Bromic acid - oxyacid (3 elements) - hydrogen, bromine and oxygen
State whether these are strong or weak acids and bases
Draino is a ... because
Lemon juice is a ... because
Milk is a .... because
Draino - strong base because of high pH
Lemon juice - strong acid because of low pH
Milk - weak base because pH is not too high above 7
Gastric Acid pH 1.2
Apple Juice pH 3.4
Egg pH 8.1
Bleach pH 12.2
Complete the sentence based on the previous information.
Strong acids and strong bases have a (lower/equal/higher) concentration of ions than weak acids and bases. The more OH- ions, the (lower/equal/higher) the pH. Fewer H+ ions would mean a pH (closer to/equal to/farther from) neutral.
higher, higher, closer to
Ca(OH)2 + HI
We know that water is a product. What is the other product?
Calcium Iodide (CaI2)
You mix orange juice with water and test the pH.
The original pH was 4.5. After dilution, it is 4.7.
Is it getting more or less acidic? Why?
Less acidic, adding water helps bring the orange juice towards a neutral pH of 7