Intro To The Terms
Acid
Any of a class of substances whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a sour taste, the ability to turn blue litmus red, and the ability to react with bases and certain metals to form salts.
Operational definition of an acid
Any substance that increases the concentration of the H+ ion with dissolved in water
a reaction between an acid and a base that yields a salt and water
pOH
A logarithmic scale measuring the acidity (or basicness) of a solution. Its based on the amount of OH- (hydroxide ions) in the solution
Electrolyte
a chemical compound that ionizes when dissolved or molten to produce an electrically conductive medium
Base
Any of a class of compounds whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a bitter taste, a slippery feel, the ability to turn litmus blue, and the ability to react with acids to form salts.
Operational definition of a base
Any subtance that increases the concentration of the OH- ion when dissolved in water
Titration
the process, operation, or method of determining the concentration of a substance in solution by adding to it a standard reagent of known concentration in carefully measured amounts until a reaction of definite an known proportion is completed, as shown by a color change or by electrical measurement, and then calculating the unknown concentration
Strong acid
an acid with a high degree of dissociation in solution; for example HCL or H2SO4
Indicator
any various substances, such as litmus or phenolphthalein, that indicate the presence, absence, or comcentration of another substance or the degree of reaction between two or more substances by means of a characteristic change, especially in color
Salt
Chemical compound formed when the hydrogen of an acid is replaced by a metal or its equivalent.
Bronsted-Lowry acid
Any substance that can "donate" hydrogen ions (H+) or protons to bases which "accept" them.
End point
the point in a titration at which no more titrant should be added. IT is determine, for example, by a color change in an indicator or by the appearance of a precipitate
Weak acid
an acid that does not ionize greatly; for example, acetic acid or carbonic acid
Litmus paper
an unsized white paper inpregnated with litmus and used as a pH or acid-base indicator
Arrhenius Acid
A substance which releases hydrogen ions (H+) in solution
Bronsted-Lowry base
A homogeneous mixture of solid solution of two or mroe metals, the atoms of one replacing or occupying interstital positions between the atoms of the other
Equivalence point
the point in a titration where the amounts of titrant and material being titrated are equivalent chemically
Strong base
a base with a high degree of dissociation in solution; for example NaOH or KOH
Phenolphthalein
a white or pale yellow crystalline powder, C20H14O4, used as an acid-base indicator, in making dyes, and formerly in medicine as a laxative. B/c of its toxicity, it is no longer used in over-the-counter laxatives
Arrhenius base
A substance which releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution.
pH
A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, numerically equal to 7 for neutral solutions, increasing with increasing alkalinity and decreasing with increasing acidity.
Hydronium
A hydrated hydrogen ion, H3O+
a chemical base that does not ionize fully in an aqueous solution; for example, ammonia