biological factors
what phase of the menstrual cycle produces the highest percentage of ACL tears?
ovulation
do ACL tears happen most often in practices/training or games/matches?
games/matches
in what decade did intensive studying of ACL tears begin with male collegiate athletes?
1950s
what ligament crosses behind the ACL?
PCL
do most ACL tears occur in contact or noncontact scenarios?
noncontact
what is the term for the knees collapsing inward when doing things like running and jumping?
knee valgus
how much more likely are female athletes to tear their ACL?
2-8x
what federal law led to greater research into sports injuries in female athletes?
Title IX
what bone(s) does the ACL connect to?
femur and tibia
at what age range are women most likely to tear their ACL?
14-18 years old
what two hormones are most responsible for ligament laxity?
bonus: what hormone does the opposite?
estrogen and relaxin
bonus: progesterone
how much more likely are women to suffer a secondary injury after recovering from an ACL tear?
6x
what year was the landmark study about the relationship between the menstrual cycle and the likelihood of an ACL tear?
1998
how many knee ligaments are there?
bonus: name them
4
bonus: ACL, MCL, LCL, PCL
what percentage of ACL tears are accompanied by a meniscus tear?
50-66%
wider hips lead to a wider ____?
Q-Angle
what is a contralateral tear?
tear of the opposite ACL (after recovering from tearing the other)
in what decade did the NCAA report on the disproportionate rate at which female athletes tear their ACLs compared to their male counterparts?
1980s
what is the ACL's function?
Stabilize the knee and prevent the tibia from sliding forward too much.
How does hypermobility affect the risk of an ACL tear?
tendons/ligaments are looser, surrounding muscles are fatigued and cannot properly aid in stabilizing the knee, so the risk is heightened.
explain why quad-dominance leads to a greater risk of an ACL tear?
basically, the quad pulls the tibia forward, the ACL's function is to prevent the tibia from sliding too far forward. therefore the ACL experiences more stress if their is less hamstring strength to counteract the pull of the quad.
What sport has the highest ACL tear rates for women?
bonus: what about for men?
soccer
bonus: American football
what doctor published the landmark study that correlated the hormonal fluctuation of the menstrual cycle to the likelihood of an ACL tear?
bonus: what university were he and his researchers from?
Dr. Edward M. Wojtys
University of Michigan
what is the name of the groove in the femur where the ACL is lodged?
intercondylar notch
explain how cleats being designed for male athletes heightens female athletes' risk of ACL tears
multiple answers