Levels of Organization
All of the biotic and abiotic factors in a particular area
ecosystem
Which of the following species interactions is least likely to reduce the size of a species’ realized niche?
a) competition b) predation
c) mutualism d) parasitism
c) mutualism
Organisms that cannot make their own food
Consumers or heterotrophs
Which statement best describes the current scientific view of birds?
A) a group of feathered, endothermic dinosaurs
B) a group of feathered, ectothermic lizards that lack teeth
C) a group of flying, endothermic reptiles that have lost teeth, the amniotic egg, and other
heavy body features as an adaptation for flight
D) a group of flying mammals that are derived from monotremes, which also lay
amniotic eggs
A) a group of feathered, endothermic dinosaurs
Which of the following factors can cause biodiversity loss?
a) habit restoration b) poaching
c) captive breeding d) seed banks
b) poaching
Which of the following is one of the groups Domain Bacteria is divided into?
a) Proteobacteria
b) gram-positive bacteria
c) cyanobacteria
d) all the above are divisions of Domain Bacteria
d) all the above are divisions of Domain Bacteria
The flexible, longitudinal rod that is located between the digestive tract and the nerve cord in chordates is called the
A) spinal cord.
B) notochord.
C) dorsal, hollow nerve cord.
D) spine.
B) notochord.
Anything that restricts the number of individuals in a population. For example, predators or the amount of water present
Limiting factor
Which of the following items demonstrates radial symmetry?
A) a glove
B) a tennis racket
C) a pair of sunglasses
D) an apple pie
D) an apple pie
The name given to ecosystems recovering from a disturbance when no soil is present
Primary succession
Which of the following statements is true?
A) Arthropods have an open circulatory system, while annelids have a closed
circulatory system.
B) Vertebrates have an open circulatory system, while annelids have a closed circulatory
system.
C) Vertebrates have an open circulatory system, while arthropods have a closed
circulatory system.
D) Annelids have an open circulatory system, while molluscs have a closed circulatory
system.
A) Arthropods have an open circulatory system, while annelids have a closed circulatory system.
Increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the oceans make them _______ acidic. This change reduces the ability of coral reefs to build their skeletons composed of _______.
a) more; carbonic phosphate
b) more; carbonate ions
c) less; carbonic phosphate
d) less; carbonate ions
b) more; carbonate ions
All the organism in an ecosystem that belong to the same species
Population
The largest number of individuals of one species that an ecosystem can support over time
Carrying capacity
A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit
The name given to ecosystems recovering from a disturbance that still have soil present
Which type of population growth are most of the species experiencing within stable ecosystems?
logistic growth
All types of animal behavior contribute to an organism's _________, which refers to its ability to survive and reproduce.
evolutionary fitness
Different populations interacting in a particular area
Community
A key derived character of sharks and rays that distinguishes them from ray-finned fishes is
A) jaws and a swim bladder.
B) vertebrae.
C) calcified (hard) bones.
D) a skeleton made of cartilage
D) a skeleton made of cartilage
A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not affected
Commensalism
What is the job of the placenta?
A) Exchange blood
B) Exchange nutrients and waste
C) Hold the baby still in the uterus
D) Both A and B are correct
D) Both A and B are correct
Identify three density-dependent limiting factors.
number of predators and/or prey
competition
number of parasites/prey
amount of water
amount of food
Archaea called extreme halophiles are also known as?
a) heat lovers
b) salt lovers
c) noble gas lovers
d) cold lovers
b) salt lovers
How an organism survives, including its habitat, how it obtains food and shelter, and how it avoids danger.
Ecological Niche
Organisms that use an outside energy source, such as the sun, to make their own food
Producers or autotrophs
_________ refers to how organisms regulate their internal body temperature. This type of regulation is an essential part of __________, or how an organism stabilizes its internal environment while it deals with changing environmental conditions.
Thermoregulation, homeostasis
This is the name given to an ecosystem's most stable and biodiverse form
climax community
Identify three density-independent limiting factors.
storms
earthquakes
forest fires
human development/building
Something in an organism's environment that causes it to react
a stimulus
All life on Earth
the biosphere
Why are there always less apex predators than producers in every ecosystem?
Because energy decreases as it moves up food chains so there is less energy to support large predator populations
What characteristic is shared by bacteria and archaea, but not by all eukaryotes?
a) cell wall
b) membrane-bound organelles
c) proteins
d) RNA
a) cell wall
Why are biodiverse ecosystems more stable and resilient?
Because they contain more options in the form of different species, traits, processes, niches, habitats, etc. Some of these can respond effectively to environmental changes.
The most biodiverse terrestrial ecosystems are __________ while the most biodiverse aquatic ecosystems are __________.
tropical rainforests, coral reefs
Identify three things that animals commonly communicate about.
food/resources
mating
territory
shelter
predators
Which of the following features would you expect to see in the flowers of wind-pollinated grasses?
A) very large, fragrant, white flowers
B) petals with UV-absorbing "nectar guides"
C) very simple flowers that produce massive quantities of pollen
D) red flowers with long nectar tubes
C) very simple flowers that produce massive quantities of pollen
Identify the five main ways that human activity is disrupting natural ecosystems around the world.
1. Habitat destruction
2. Pollution
3. Invasive species
4. Overuse of natural resources
5. Climate change
Explain what niche partitioning means using the following words: competition, ecological niche, resources, ecosystem.
Niche partitioning occurs when two species avoid competition for the same resources by occupying different ecological niches within their ecosystem.
Explain why decomposers and detritivores are so essential to all ecosystems.
The break down dead organisms and waste products and allow the nutrients that they contain to be taken up by producers within their ecosystems.
Briefly explain why the human population has experienced exponential growth over the last 250 years. Be sure to identify three different, significant reasons for this rapid growth.
The human population has grown exponentially over the last 250 years due to major advances in medicine, which have extended average lifespans, sanitation, which has prevented many infectious diseases from spreading and agriculture, which has greatly increased the amount of food available.
Identify one non-human animal behavior and then explain the proximate and ultimate cause for that behavior.
Male stickleback fish attack anything with a red underbelly. Proximate cause: the sight of a red underbelly triggers an aggression response. Ultimate cause: male sticklebacks have red underbellies so each male behaves in an aggressive way towards other males in order to increase their reproductive fitness if a female shows up.