What am I?
Affecting an atypically large number of individuals within a population, community, or region at the same time
what is an epidemic
subunit vaccines produced by genetic modification
What is a recombinant vaccine?
Given through the mouth
What is oral?
an incidence rate calculated for a particular population for a single disease outbreak and expressed as a percentage
What is attack rate?
Father of immunology
Who is Jenner?
an epidemic that is geographically widespread
What is pandemic
made from "live" viruses that can still replicate in a host cell
What is an attenuated vaccine?
Given through the nose
First step in a public health approach to solve problems
What is surveillance?
an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food
What is Cholera?
A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease
What is an outbreak
chemically or thermally modified toxins used to stimulate active immunity
What is a toxoid vaccine?
the administration of medication by injection into the middle layers of the skin
What is intradermal?
Epidemiologists use a model for studying infectious disease and its spread that involves the microbe that causes the disease, the organism that harbors the disease, and the external factors that cause or allow disease transmission. This is also known as
What is host, agent, and environment?
blood test that measures the amount of antibodies in blood; commonly used as an indicator of immune status
What is titer?
group of cases in a specific time and place that might be more than expected
What is a cluster
Include only parts of the virus or bacteria, or subunits, instead of the entire germ.
What is a subunit vaccine
the administration of medication by injection directly into muscle tissue
What is intramuscular?
A study in which the researcher controls certain factors within the study from the beginning
What is an experimental study?
occurs when the person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary immune response
What is active immunity?
disease or condition present among a population at all times
What is an endemic
attaches a weak antigen to a strong antigen
What is a conjugate vaccine
the administration of medication by injection into the fatty layer just below the skin
What is subcutaneous?
Environmental data sources
What is river, water, and soil?
The resistance of a group to an attack by a disease to which a large proportion of the members of the group are immune
What is herd immunity?