Passage I
The fastest times resulted from using which wheels?
A. The speeds remained constant.
B. Hard rubber wheels with studs imbedded in them.
C. Soft rubber wheels with no treads.
D. Hard rubber wheels with deep treads.
B. Hard rubber wheels with studs imbedded in them.
Which of the following phrases best describes the major point of difference between the two scientists’ viewpoints?
F. The actual location of Pluto in the solar system.
G. The length of Pluto’s orbit.
H. The shape of Pluto.
J. The classification of Pluto as a planet.
J. The classification of Pluto as a planet.
According to Table 1, the concentrations of which of the following substances varies the least with temperature?
A. HCl
B. NH3
C. NaCl
D. KCl
C. NaCl
Which of the following statements is best supported by information in the passage?
F. Water that has collected in endorheic basins is at least 21.0 million years old.
G. The age of fossilized plant species cannot be precisely estimated.
H. More water has collected in and evaporated from older salt pans.
J. Any endorheic basin that is less than 2.0 million years old contains no fossils.
H. More water has collected in and evaporated from older salt pans.
The category of bacteria appearing the most frequently in Table 2 is:
A. psychrophile.
B. psychrotroph.
C. mesophile.
D. thermophile.
C. mesophile.
According to Study 1, the average speed for all three trials was:
F. greater than the speed measured in Trial 3.
G. less than the speed measured in Trial 1.
H. greater than the speed measured in Trial 2.
J. equal to the speed measured in Trial 2.
H. greater than the speed measured in Trial 2.
According to Scientist 2’s viewpoint, compared to other planets of the solar system, Pluto’s surface is:
A. less icy.
B. more icy.
C. more gaseous.
D. more rocky.
B. more icy.
BONUS SURPRISE QUESTION!!
What is the term given to traits that now have no function, such as hipbones in whales?
Vestigial Traits
Is the conclusion that Salt pan A contains more extinct plant fossils than does Salt pan D supported by information in the passage?
F. Yes, because Salt pan A is younger than Salt pan D.
G. Yes, because the passage suggests that it is easier for plants to grow in areas with a lower mineral volume.
H. No, because Salt pan D contains a different type of fossilized plant.
J. No, because the passage does not include data regarding the quantity of plant fossils found in the salt pans.
J. No, because the passage does not include data regarding the quantity of plant fossils found in the salt pans.
The type of bacteria found in Table 2 that does not fit exactly into any of the categories listed in Table 1 is:
F. Clostridium perfringens.
G. Listeria monocytogenes.
H. Micrococcus cryophilus.
J. Streptococcus pneumoniae.
G. Listeria monocytogenes.
Which of the following statements is best supported by the results of all three studies?
A. The average speed of a car with deeply treaded hard rubber wheels is approximately 1 2 the average speed of car with soft rubber wheels.
B. The average speed of a car with studded, hard rubber wheels is approximately 1 2 the average speed of car with deeply treaded hard rubber wheels.
C. The average speed of a car with soft rubber wheels lacking treads is approximately twice the average speed of car with deeply treaded hard rubber wheels.
D. The average speed of a car with studded, hard rubber wheels is approximately twice the average speed of car with deeply treaded hard rubber wheels.
D. The average speed of a car with studded, hard rubber wheels is approximately twice the average speed of car with deeply treaded hard rubber wheels.
Scientist 1’s viewpoint indicates that Pluto differs from asteroids and comets in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
F. Pluto can generate heat through nuclear fission.
G. Pluto is pulled into a spherical shape by its own gravitational force.
H. Asteroids and comets have a tail of gas and dust particles.
J. Asteroids and comets are much smaller than Pluto.
F. Pluto can generate heat through nuclear fission.
The data shown in Table 1 support the conclusion that, for a given substance, as the temperature of the water increases, the amount of solute that can be dissolved:
A. increases only.
B. decreases only.
C. varies, but there is a trend depending on the substance.
D. varies, but with no particular trend.
C. varies, but there is a trend depending on the substance.
From the results of Table 1, you could conclude that a salt pan formed more than 21 million years ago would have a mineral value:
A. between 5,700,000 km3 and 12,150,000 km3 .
B. equal to approximately 1 2 the mineral volume of Salt pan B.
C. greater than 12,150,000 km3 .
D. less than 2,000,000 km3 .
C. greater than 12,150,000 km3 .
Average human body temperature is 40◦C. According to Table 2, which of the following bacteria would grow most successfully in the human body?
A. Anoxybacillus flavithermus.
B. Clostridium perfringens.
C. Escherichia coli.
D. Listeria monocytogenes.
C. Escherichia coli.
Based on the passage, the higher average speeds were probably the result of:
F. greater friction.
G. temperature variations.
H. too much sunlight.
J. statistical error.
F. greater friction.
The polar ice caps on Pluto’s surface melt one time during every 249-year orbit, exposing Pluto’s truly rocky surface, which is similar to that of Mars. Based on the information provided, this finding, if true, would most likely weaken the position(s) of:
A. Scientist 1 only.
B. Scientist 2 only.
C. both Scientist 1 and Scientist 2.
D. neither Scientist 1 nor Scientist 2.
B. Scientist 2 only.
According to Table 1, HCl would most likely have which of the following concentrations at 70◦C?
F. 25.5 g/100g H2O
G. 37.0 g/100g H2O
H. 48.5 g/100g H2O
J. 51.5 g/100g H2O
J. 51.5 g/100g H2O
BONUS SPECIAL QUESTION!!
In an experiment, the variable that the researcher changes is called the _____.
Independent variable
A new bacteria was discovered by scientists. It reproduces best at 55◦C and does not show any new growth if exposed to temperatures above 65◦C. This bacteria can most likely be categorized as a:
F. psychrophile.
G. psychrotroph.
H. mesotroph.
J. thermophile.
J. thermophile.
During which of the following was the travel time of the car the slowest?
A. Study 2, Trial 1
B. Study 2, Trial 2
C. Study 3, Trial 1
D. Study 1, Trial 2
A. Study 2, Trial 1
With which of the following statements would both scientists most likely agree?
F. The size of Pluto indicates that it could actually be a satellite of another planet.
G. Pluto should be classified as neither a planet nor a comet; a new category is indicated.
H. The surface composition of Pluto is irrelevant and should not be considered in its classification.
J. Pluto’s erratic orbit differentiates it from all other planets in the solar system.
J. Pluto’s erratic orbit differentiates it from all other planets in the solar system.
A scientist wants to dissolve at least 50 grams of NH4Cl in 100 g of water in order for the solution to be the proper concentration for use in an experiment. A reasonable minimum temperature for the solution would be:
A. 25◦C
B. 30◦C
C. 35◦C
D. 50◦C
D. 50◦C
A fossilized plant approximately 9.7 million years old was recently discovered in a salt pan in North America. It was most likely found in a salt pan similar to:
F. Salt pan A.
G. Salt pan B.
H. Salt pan C.
J. Salt pan D.
H. Salt pan C.
Based on the information in Table 2, which bacteria has the smallest growth range?
A. Listeria monocytogenes.
B. Micrococcus cryophilus.
C. Streptococcus pneumoniae.
D. Streptococcus pyogenes.
C. Streptococcus pneumoniae.