PAS
What does PAS stand for?
Patient Assessment System
One of the most common soft tissue injuries that occurs in the outdoors, typically formed by “hot spots”, are ______?
Blisters
What the name of the method we use to help a patient’s dislocated joint return to proper anatomical alignment?
Reduce/reduction
Name the four most common heat-related illnesses.
Dehydration, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke
What does superficial frost bite look/feel like?
Cold, numb, pale but still soft and pliable
What are the four elements to the PAS?
Scene Survey, Primary Assessment, Secondary Assessment, and Rescue Plan
What is the general treatment principle for burns?
Cool it fast
When treating strains or sprains, you might use the pneumonic RICE. What does RICE stand for?
Rest, ice, compression, elevation
With a patient suffering from heat stroke, what vital mechanism usually fails, leading to their core temperature quickly rising?
Sweating
What tool can we create to help rewarm a mild to moderate hypothermic patient?
Hypothermia wrap
What three questions should you ask to gauge how awake and oriented a patient is?
What is your name? Where are you? What is the time/date?
Muscle or tendon damage due to a deep wound would be indicated by what?
Loss of function
Strains are injuries primarily involving ______ and/or ______ while sprains are injuries involving ________
Muscles and tendons, ligaments
Name three things you can do to treat heat exhaustion.
Rest in the shade (if possible), rapid cooling, remove excess clothing, evaporative cooling, replace lost fluid and electrolytes
What extra steps must be taken when treating a patient with severe hypothermia?
Avoid excessive movement/jarring, give rescue breaths (if needed), do not do CPR
What does AMPLE stand for?
Allergies, medications, past medical history, last ins/outs, events leading up to the accident/illness.
What commonly used splinting technique for upper extremity injuries uses a triangle bandage?
Sling and swathe
What are the three most common types of fractures?
Closed (simple) in-line, closed angulated, open (compound)
What are three things you can do to prevent heat-related illnesses?
Adequate fluid and electrolyte intake, acclimatize to new environments, wear proper clothing, avoid overexertion in hot/humid climates, rest often
What four things usually occur simultaneously to bring on hypothermia?
Low temperatures, wet conditions, lack of fuel and/or hydration, physical fatigue
If your patient has a radial pulse, you know that means they have a minimum systolic blood pressure of ______?
90mmHg
When using iodine to prepare a sterile water solution for wound cleaning, you should never exceed ___% concentration? Why?
2%, anything higher can cause tissue death or damage
TIL stands for ______? Give an example of why you would use this technique.
Traction-in-line, stabilize and realign bone fractures, to end muscle spasms, alleviate pain, to help restore normal blood flow, to reduce a dislocation
Your patient is complaining of a headache, dizziness, fatigue, muscle cramps, and is generally irritable. They report having consumed 6 liters of water in the past three hours, have urinated frequently (it’s been clear), and have not eaten anything all day. What might be the issue with your patient?
Hyponatremia
What are three ways to prevent hypothermia?
Be prepared for wet, windy, and cold conditions, wear appropriate fabrics (no cotton!), get dry and stay dry, stay well-hydrated, proper nutrition, be attentive to yourself, your group, and the environment, turn around before you get in trouble