1
What is the initial step in the action research process?
a) Formulate a hypothesis
b) Review literature
c) Identify a topic
d) Collect data
Answer: c) Identify a topic
What is the goal of reporting findings in action research?
a) To present conclusions
b) To identify flaws in the hypothesis
c) To explore alternative explanations
d) To finalize the research
Answer: c) To explore alternative explanations
Which method involves testing specific hypotheses in action research?
a) Interviews
b) Experiments
c) Observations
d) Focus groups
Answer: b) Experiments
Which of these is not included in the action research cycle?
a) Report findings
b) Collect data
c) Ignore results
d) Review literature
Answer: c) Ignore results
Which of these is an outcome of reporting findings in action research?
a) Generating new surveys
b) Exploring alternative explanations
c) Identifying topics
d) Reviewing literature
Answer: b) Exploring alternative explanations
What is the purpose of reviewing previous literature in action research?
a) To create a survey
b) To develop a hypothesis
c) To finalize findings
d) To analyze data
Answer: b) To develop a hypothesis
Which step involves summarizing the results and reflecting on the research process?
a) Formulating a hypothesis
b) Reporting findings
c) Data collection
d) Literature review
Answer: b) Reporting findings
What type of method is associated with tests and surveys?
a) Exploratory
b) Qualitative
c) Positivist
d) Observational
Answer: c) Positivist
What precedes formulating a hypothesis in action research?
a) Literature review
b) Data analysis
c) Experimentation
d) Reporting findings
Answer: a) Literature review
What type of data is primarily collected in a positivist framework?
a) Subjective
b) Quantitative
c) Narrative
d) Contextual
Answer: b) Quantitative
Which of the following is part of analyzing data in action research?
a) Formulating a hypothesis
b) Reporting findings
c) Exploring alternative explanations
d) Reviewing previous literature
Answer: c) Exploring alternative explanations
What is a positivist research method primarily concerned with?
a) Subjective understanding
b) Objectivity and measurement
c) Exploration of emotions
d) Flexible methodologies
Answer: b) Objectivity and measurement
What does analyzing data in action research help uncover?
a) Research objectives
b) Survey questions
c) Alternative explanations
d) Experimental designs
Answer: c) Alternative explanations
Which term best describes the research design focused on objectivity and measurement?
a) Constructivist
b) Positivist
c) Ethnographic
d) Interpretivist
Answer: b) Positivist
24. Which aspect is commonly reassessed during data analysis?
a) Initial topic selection
b) Positivist framework
c) Alternative explanations
d) Hypothesis formulation
Answer: c) Alternative explanations
What comes after formulating a hypothesis in action research?
a) Analyze data
b) Develop research design
c) Collect data
d) Report findings
Answer: b) Develop research design
Surveys are part of which type of research approach?
a) Ethnographic
b) Positivist
c) Constructivist
d) Qualitative
Answer: b) Positivist
Which step involves gathering specific data to answer research questions?
a) Reporting findings
b) Data collection
c) Literature review
d) Identifying a topic
Answer: b) Data collection
What is the role of literature review in action research?
a) To collect numerical data
b) To explore prior studies and theories
c) To test hypotheses
d) To develop new findings
Answer: b) To explore prior studies and theories
25. Which of the following is typically excluded from a positivist approach?
a) Quantitative analysis
b) Objectivity
c) Surveys
d) Personal reflections
Answer: d) Personal reflections
Which of these is not a positivist method?
a) Surveys
b) Experiments
c) Case studies
d) Tests
Answer: c) Case studies
In the research cycle, what is typically conducted after hypothesis formulation?
a) Reporting findings
b) Research design
c) Literature review
d) Topic identification
Answer: b) Research design
Why is research design important in action research?
a) It replaces hypothesis formulation
b) It ensures the process is objective and systematic
c) It finalizes the results
d) It skips data collection
Answer: b) It ensures the process is objective and systematic
What distinguishes action research from other types of research?
a) Subjectivity in results
b) Cyclical and iterative process
c) Exclusion of surveys
d) Absence of hypotheses
Answer: b) Cyclical and iterative process
22. What is emphasized in the positivist design of research?
a) Experimental and quantifiable methods
b) Open-ended interviews
c) Observational techniques
d) Emotional reflection
Answer: a) Experimental and quantifiable methods