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100

The difference between action research and traditional research in terms of the person who conducts the research. 

traditional research: by university professors and scholars

action research: by teachers and principals

100

The similarities of 4-step model and 7-step model?

- Identifying problems

- Planning 

- Taking action

- Observing (after intervention) + Collecting data

- Reflecting

100

List the characteristics of Action Research

  • Cyclical:similar steps tend to recur
  • Participative: the stakeholders and informants are involved
  • Qualitative:it deals more with language than with numbers
  • Reflective: critical reflection upon the process and outcomes are important parts of each cycle.
200

How many steps in  Kemmis & McTaggart’s research model?What are they? 

4, planning, acting, observing, and reflecting

200

How many parts of AR structure?

11

200

Name some types of action research

EX: Action learning, Industrial AR, Action science, Soft system approaches, ...