Show:
Evaluations
Theory, Measurement, & Methods oh my!
Random
Random from Ch. 1
Random from Ch. 2
100
In general, ___________ refers to investigating the usefulness of some exercise or phenomenon.
evaluation
100
"research in a vacuum" refers to evaluations of programs without a _______________ base.
theoretical--without a clearly defined theory on what will occur the context to understand the program deteriorates and the methodology is not driven by the theory and instead is left to simple variable adjustments.
100
What type of validity is concerned about trying to replicate the findings of a program evaluation?
External Validity--this type of validity gives the program greater credibility if it can be duplicated in a new environment and still get positive results (i.e. reduction in crime, reduced recidivism, reduction in fear)
100
In 2010 the crime rate fell to the same levels of A. 1990 - 1994 B. 1960 - 1963 C. 1975 - 1977 D. 1982 - 1986
C. 1975-1977, all of the other time periods experienced higher crime rates except 1960 - 1963 this time period saw less crime than today and the 1970's, so in a sense if we compare today's crime rate to that of the 1960's we still have a high crime rate; relative to that time.
100
The first organized police force was in what major city?
London--1829, The Metropolitan Police
200
If I were to do two research projects about crime prevention, and one evaluated whether crime rates changed and the other evaluated whether or not drug use went down; both evaluations would be what type?
Impact Evaluation--focuses on what changes occurred after the introduction of a policy, intervention, or program.
200
The need to use theory to inform the prevention program extends naturally to the choice of ____________ and how they are measured.
variables
200
According to Sherman's findings there are relatively ___________ effective programs or interventions.
few
200
How much crime is encountered directly by the police? A. little B. about half C. most D. 62.3% of all reported crimes E. None they only hand out speeding tickets
A. little
200
The earliest responses to crime were handled by large groups and mobs. True or False?
False--it was left to the individual to seek retribution or vengeance, the Code of Hammurabi details this with "eye for an eye", additionally crime prevention was left to the individual by building walls, locks, using animals, etc
300
What type of evaluation seeks to assess whether the costs of an intervention are justified by the benefits or outcomes?
Cost-Benefit Evaluation
300
The amount of time in between the program implementation and the measurement is important because there is a possibility that over time any initial changes will _________ & __________.
diminish, disappear
300
A process evaluation can expose issues that may reduce the ___________ validity of a program or intervention.
internal
300
According to victimization surveys official police data only reflects about half of the crime in society. True or False?
True
300
What was "watch and ward"?
A cooperative system where the responsibility of keeping watch over the town or specified area would be rotated between members of the community (male citizens). These watchmen would sound the alarm if there was a threat. This is an example of non-mandatory, non-governmental mandated crime prevention.
400
To fully evaluate a program or phenomenon ___________ evaluations should accompany a impact evaluation.
process--process evaluations consider and analyze the implementation of a program and take into account the social context of the area where the program is being administered. Consideration is given to quality of staff, amount of funding, sustainability of program, quality of data, and other factors.
400
The ideal follow-up situation would gather data when?
different intervals, different times, multiple times--by spreading the gathering process out, differences of effectiveness would be exposed, and give a greater sense of understanding as to whether the results were reliable or not.
400
What is the idea behind a realistic evaluation?
Rather than relying exclusively on experimental approaches, evaluation needs to observe the phenomenon in its entirety. (mechanism & context)
400
The fear of crime is higher than the actual amount of crime throughout society. True or False?
True--about 10% of all society will be victimized, but 40% feel a fear that they will be victimized.
400
The modern-era of crime prevention can be traced to the social unrest , and public demand for something to be done during the 19__'s
1960's
500
If I wanted to assess whether or not a intervention or initiative was being implemented correctly, what type of evaluation would I use? A. Cost-Benefit B. Impact C. Process D. B & C E. Secretly watch from a bush and take diligent notes
C) Process--because a process evaluation is only concerned with the "process" of the program or intervention. A impact statement would not help to answer whether or not the implementation was performed correctly; it would only give you results about the impact of the study.
500
What is considered the "gold standard" in research design?
randomized control
500
In terms of understanding research, mechanism refers to what?
"what it is about a program which makes it work"
500
Fear of crime is more of a concern for younger people and especially males. True or False?
False--the elderly and women experience a greater sense of fear because they are more vulnerable physically, and because of media depicting them as the typical victims.
500
The public health model defines the problem in 3 separate stages, we use this same system to define crime prevention. What are the 3 stages?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary