Musculo- skeletal
lack of muscle tone from lack of physical activity, injury, or neurologic impairment
Flaccidity or hypotonicity
weakness on one side of the body
hemiparesis
What side does the patient hold the cane?
Stronger
Circulatory stasis or pooled blood in an extremity can cause this
deep vein thrombosis (DVT), also known as venous thromboembolism (VTE)
Urinary stasis increases risk for
permanent fixation of a joint
contracture
the patient sits on the side of the bed before standing
Dangling
Underarm crutches should be fitted to allow approximately ____ inches of space between the top of the crutch and the axilla
2 inches
What is 1 intervention that can help aid in lung expansion
Raise HOB
coughing and deep-breathing exercises
incentive spirometer
What is 1 psychosocial impact of immobility for patients
sensory deprivation, change in self-concept, sleep and rest patterns disturbed
Three types of ROM
Active, passive, active assistive
list 2 physical obstacles that can be observed in a patients room
electrical cords, call light cords, IV tubing, oxygen tubing, drains, catheters, phone cords, linens on the floor, spills, bedside commode, rugs, small furniture
Crutch walking techniques:
1. ______ -point: Both feet bear partial weight
2. ______ -point: Both feet bear weight
3. ______ -point: One foot bears weight and the other foot can be used for balance
1. Two-point: Both feet bear partial weight.
2. Four-point: Both feet bear weight.
3. Three-point: One foot bears weight and the other foot can be used for balance.
What is 1 intervention to prevent DVT formation
leg, ankle, and foot exercises
passive ROM
elastic stockings (AKA TED hose, compression stockings, antiemobolism hose)
sequential compression devices (SCDs)
Anticoagulation medication (heparin, apixaban, warfarin)
List 2 gastrointestinal issues a patient may experience with immobility
Anorexia, nausea, decreased bowel sounds, constipation, distention
1. __________ exercise that involves joint movement
2. __________ exercise that does not involves joint movement
1. Isotonic
2. Isometric
manner of walking
gait
Which type of support has this step for cane walking?
The patient moves the cane and the weak leg forward at the same time.
Cane Walking: Minimal Support
What assessment of the lower extremities do you need to do before applying SCD's
Toes are warm, pink, and move freely.
The posterior tibial and dorsalis pedal pulses are palpable.
Assess for edema or distended veins.
Assess for incisions or open wounds.
Using the Morse fall risk assessment tool, a patient has a score of 30. Is that low, moderate, or high?
Low 0-24
High 45+
List 3 potential adverse effects of narcotics
respiratory depression, hypotension, confusion, sedation, constipation, dizziness
3 types of paralysis (medical terminology)
hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body due to CVA or TBI)
Paraplegia (lower body paralysis due to SCI
quadriplegia (inability to move all four extremities due to SCI)
awareness of posture and movement
proprioception
A drop in systolic blood pressure of _____ mm Hg, an increase in heart rate of ______ beats/min, or a drop of diastolic blood pressure of ______ mm Hg when a patient stands is classified as orthostatic hypotension
A drop in systolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg, an increase in heart rate of 20 beats/min, or a drop of diastolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg when a patient stands is classified as orthostatic hypotension
This test from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) offers a simple assessment of fall risk. A patient is asked to get up from a chair, walk ten feet, walk back to the chair and sit down.
TUG - Timed up and go