System & Mobility
Muscles are connected to bones via ligaments.
False
Rationale: Muscles are connected to bones via tendons, while ligaments connect bones to other bones.
Which type of exercise involves muscle contraction without visible movement?
A) Isotonic
B) Isometric
C) Isokinetic
D) Aerobic
B) Isometric
Rationale: Isometric exercises involve contraction without muscle shortening or visible movement, such as holding a plank position.
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of musculoskeletal injury in nurses?
A) Repetitive movements
B) Use of assistive devices
C) Awkward postures
D) Lifting patients manually
B) Use of assistive devices
Rationale: Assistive devices reduce the risk of injury by decreasing the physical strain on nurses.
When repositioning a patient, they should be turned at least every 4 hours to prevent skin breakdown. True or False
False
Rationale: Patients should be repositioned every 2 hours to prevent pressure ulcers.
A nurse is teaching a patient how to use a cane. The nurse should instruct the patient to hold the cane in which hand?
A) The same side as the weak leg
B) The opposite side of the weak leg
C) Either side, based on preference
D) Both hands for stability
B) The opposite side of the weak leg
Rationale: Holding the cane on the stronger side provides better support and balance.
Which of the following are hinge joints? (Select all that apply.)
A) Knee
B) Elbow
C) Wrist
D) Ankle
A) Knee, B) Elbow, D) Ankle
Rationale: Hinge joints allow movement in one plane, such as flexion and extension, which is characteristic of the knee, elbow, and ankle.
Which exercises involve isotonic movement? (Select all that apply.)
A) Lifting weights
B) Running
C) Holding a yoga pose
D) Squats
A) Lifting weights, B) Running, D) Squats
Rationale: Isotonic exercises involve muscle shortening and lengthening with visible movement.
Which factors should a nurse assess before moving a patient? (Select all that apply.)
A) Joint structure and function
B) Endurance
C) Gait
D) Skin color
A) Joint structure and function, B) Endurance, C) Gait
Rationale: Mobility assessments should focus on musculoskeletal strength, coordination, and endurance rather than unrelated factors like skin color.
Which position is best for a patient with difficulty breathing?
A) Supine
B) Prone
C) High Fowler’s
D) Side-lying
C) High Fowler’s
Rationale: High Fowler’s position (60–90 degrees) facilitates lung expansion and improves breathing.
Which assistive devices may be used for ambulation? (Select all that apply.)
A) Crutches
B) Walker
C) Bed trapeze
D) Gait belt
A) Crutches, B) Walker, D) Gait belt
Rationale: Bed trapezes assist with repositioning, while crutches, walkers, and gait belts aid ambulation.
Which type of joint allows movement in all directions and provides the greatest range of motion?
A) Hinge joint
B) Condyloid joint
C) Ball-and-socket joint
D) Pivot joint
C) Ball-and-socket joint
Rationale: Ball-and-socket joints, such as the shoulder and hip, allow the widest range of motion in multiple directions.
Prolonged immobility increases the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). True or False
True
Rationale: Immobility leads to venous stasis, increasing DVT risk.
What can nurses do to prevent musculoskeletal injuries? (Select all that apply.)
A) Use assistive devices for lifting
B) Avoid lifting when fatigued
C) Maintain good body mechanics
D) Perform all patient transfers manually
A) Use assistive devices for lifting, B) Avoid lifting when fatigued, C) Maintain good body mechanics
Rationale: Manual lifting should be minimized to prevent injury, and proper body mechanics should be maintained.
A trochanter roll is used to prevent external hip rotation in bed-bound patients.
True
Rationale: Trochanter rolls help maintain proper alignment and prevent external hip rotation.
Which of the following is a key advantage of using a friction-reducing sheet for patient transfers?
a) It eliminates the need for manual lifting.
b) It reduces the force required by the caregiver to move the patient.
c) It promotes patient participation in the transfer. d) It is less expensive than other transfer devices.
b) It reduces the force required by the caregiver to move the patient.
Rationale: Friction-reducing sheets create a slick surface, making it easier for caregivers to slide the patient, reducing the physical effort required and minimizing the risk of back injury.
What is the first step before assisting a patient with ambulation?
A) Apply a gait belt
B) Assess their ability to stand
C) Instruct them to walk independently
D) Place them in a wheelchair
B) Assess their ability to stand
Rationale: Assessing a patient’s mobility determines the level of assistance needed.
Which are potential complications of prolonged immobility? (Select all that apply.)
A) Muscle atrophy
B) Pressure ulcers
C) Increased bone density
D) Joint contractures
A) Muscle atrophy, B) Pressure ulcers, D) Joint contractures
Rationale: Immobility leads to muscle loss, skin breakdown, and joint stiffness.
Which interventions promote safe patient mobility? (Select all that apply.)
A) Providing non-skid footwear
B) Using a gait belt
C) Encouraging fast movements
D) Assessing for dizziness before standing
A) Providing non-skid footwear, B) Using a gait belt, D) Assessing for dizziness before standing
Rationale: These measures ensure safe ambulation.
Which intervention helps prevent foot drop in immobile patients?
A) Using a trochanter roll
B) Applying prevalon boots
C) Placing pillows under the knees
D) Encouraging bed rest
B) Applying prevalon boots
Rationale: Prevalon boots/braces, & splints help maintain foot dorsiflexion and prevent foot drop.
Which of the following BEST describes the primary benefit of isokinetic exercise?
a) Improved range of motion
b) Increased muscle strength and endurance at all speeds of movement
c) Enhanced flexibility and balance
d) Reduced joint stress during exercise
b) Increased muscle strength and endurance at all speeds of movement.
Rationale: Isokinetic exercise uses specialized equipment that controls the speed of movement while providing variable resistance. This allows for maximal muscle contraction throughout the entire range of motion, leading to improvements in strength and endurance regardless of how fast or slow the movement is performed.